Kamaan Shuwayya 'An Nafsi ("A Little More About Myself") will be of tremendous help to independent language learners who want to develop their conversational skills and increase their Arabic vocabulary. Bonus: Free audio tracks available to download and stream from www.lingualism.com. Kamaan Shuwayya ‘An Nafsi presents the results of a survey given to 10 Egyptians. Each of the 36 sections in the book begins with a question from the survey followed by the 10 responses and a breakdown of the vocabulary and concludes with a page where you are encouraged to give your own answer to the question using newly learned words and phrases. This book is the second of a two-part series. If you are not yet at an intermediate level of Egyptian Arabic, it is advised that you complete the first book, Shuwayya ‘An Nafsi (which includes features to assist elementary-level learners: phonemic transcriptions for the texts and even the most basic words are introduced in the chapter glossaries) before moving on to Kamaan Shuwayya ‘An Nafsi. In Kamaan Shuwayya ‘An Nafsi, only glossed words include phonemic transcriptions. Common words which appear numerous times throughout the book do not appear in the chapter glossaries. However, they can still be found in the glossary in the back of the book. The responses are typically somewhat longer than those in the first book. For more advanced learners, the texts appear again in the back of the book without voweling (tashkeel) or translations (Appendix B), to provide a more challenging reading experience without distractions. Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) translations of the texts (Appendix C) are also given for learners who are more proficient in MSA and can benefit from comparing the similarities and differences between it and Egyptian Colloquial Arabic (ECA).

Nafsi is a collection of poetry and prose, calling you to a spiritual revolution. This compelling work examines the relationship between spirit and flesh, through poetic allure. "I have been summoned by the need to illuminate minds that have succumb to the rhetoric that the Muslim is strange - that the Muslim should be feared. I write with the sword that I am most familiar with- that is my pen. I write to declare 'Jihad' on the thing most worthy of defeating, that is my soul- the 'Nafs'" -Kashmir Maryam

Presents uparalleled coverage of Na-ion battery technology, including the most recent research and emerging applications Na-ion battery technologies have emerged as cost-effective, environmentally friendly alternatives to Li-ion batteries, particularly for large-scale storage applications where battery size is less of a concern than in portable electronics or electric vehicles. Scientists and engineers involved in developing commercially viable Na-ion batteries need to understand the state-of-the-art in constituent materials, electrodes, and electrolytes to meet both performance metrics and economic requirements. Sodium-Ion Batteries: Materials, Characterization, and Technology provides in-depth coverage of the material constituents, characterization, applications, upscaling, and commercialization of Na-ion batteries. Contributions by international experts discuss the development and performance of cathode and anode materials and their characterization - using methods such as NMR spectroscopy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computational studies - as well as ceramics, ionic liquids, and other solid and liquid electrolytes. Discusses the development of battery technology based on the abundant alkali ion sodium Features a thorough introduction to Na-ion batteries and their comparison with Li-ion batteries Reviews recent research on the structure-electrochemical performance relationship and the development of new solid electrolytes Includes a timely overview of commercial perspectives, cost analysis, and safety issues of Na-ion batteries Covers emerging technologies including Na-ion capacitors, aqueous sodium batteries, and Na-S batteries The handbook Sodium-Ion Batteries: Materials, Characterization, and Technology is an indispensable reference for researchers and development engineers, materials scientists, electrochemists, and engineering scientists in both academia and industry.

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This volume offers recent developments in pragmatics and adjacent territories of investigation, including important new concepts such as the pragmatic act and the pragmeme, and combines developments in neighboring disciplines in an integrative holistic pragmatic approach. The young science of pragmatics has, from its inception, differentiated itself from neighboring fields in the humanities, especially the disciplines dealing with language and those focusing on the social and anthropological aspects of human behavior, by focusing on the language user in his or her societal environment.This collection of papers continues that emphasis on language use, and pragmatic acts in their context. The editors and contributors share a perspective that essentially considers language as a system for communication and wants to look at language from a societal perspective, and accept the view that acts of interpretation are essentially embedded in culture. In an interdisciplinary approach, some authors explore connections with social theory, in particular sociology or socio-linguistics, some offer a political stance (critical discourse analysis), others explore connections with philosophy and philosophy of language, and several papers address problems in theoretical pragmatics.

This important monograph offers a resolution to the debate in theoretical linguistics over the role of syntactic head movement in word formation. It does so by synthesizing the syntactic and lexicalist approaches on the basis of the empirical data that support each side. In trying to determine how a morphologically complex word is formed in Universal Grammar, generative linguists have argued either that a substantial amount of morphological phenomena result from head movement in overt syntax (the widely adopted syntactic approach) or that morphological/lexical means are both necessary and sufficient for a theory of word formation (the Lexicalist Hypothesis). Li examines both the linguistic facts that are brought to light for the first time and the existing data in the literature and shows that each side has an empirical foundation that cannot be negated by the other. Since neither approach is adequate to explain all the facts of word formation, he argues, the way to achieve a unified account lies in synthesizing the empirically advantageous portions of both approaches into one simple and coherent theory. Li begins by demonstrating how a theory that combines the essence of the syntactic and lexicalist approaches can account more accurately for the various morphological constructions analyzed in the literature by means of syntactic verb incorporation. He then examines causativization on the adjectival root, noun incorporation in polysynthetic languages, and the possibility that the word formation part of the Lexicalist Hypothesis—which is crucial to his theory—can be derived as a theorem from a version of the X-bar theory. He concludes by discussing methodological issues in current linguistic research.

The Translator’s Preface Among the religious traditions of mankind the Shi‘ah tradition within Islam is unmatched in its rich corpus of devotional texts (duc¡ and ziy¡rah literature) handed down from the original teachers and leaders of the faith, the Prophet Mu¦ammad and the Imams of his family, the Ahl al-Bayt. This tradition begins with the Qur’¡n—its opening s£rah being an essential part of the Muslim ritual prayer (that is, ¥al¡h, as opposed to duc¡ in the sense of supplication and petition-ary texts)—which, besides citing many prayers made by the former prophets, beginning with Adam, suggests several supplications for the devout. In accordance with the Qur’¡nic teaching, Islam views itself not as a novel and insular phenomenon in the religious history of mankind, but as the culmi-nating link in a prophetic chain that began with Adam, the first man and recipi-ent of Divine revelations, and, after a cataclysmic phase marked by the ministry of Noah, which signified the end of an era and beginning of a new, culminated in the figure of Abraham, whom the Qur’¡n describes as a follower of Noah...