What do you do when you need to express the meaning of a word that you don’t know in a foreign language? How do you start and close a conversation, and how do you keep it going? What can you do if you are not sure about what to say in an unfamiliar situation?Communication strategies is a book about the ways and means that users of a second or foreign language can employ when they have to face problems due to gaps in their linguistic, communicative or intercultural competence. Strategies also enable them to deal with uncertainty in personal and intercultural contacts and to increase their autonomy in using languages.Communication strategies is both a handbook for teachers, teacher trainers and educators, providing them with a sound methodological background, and a collection of 30 practice activities, games and tasks for language learners and users. Photocopiable worksheets are provided, as well as freely downloadable recordings of native and non-native speakers of English.

Oral Communication in the Disciplines: A Resource for Teacher Development and Training is the first of its kind to provide a clear and straightforward strategic framework to guide teachers as they incorporate oral communication activities into their courses. This all-encompassing empirically and theoretically grounded book helps to ensure that communication is not just added, but thoughtfully incorporated in meaningful, context-specific ways.

Occupational Safety and Hygiene IV covers a wide variety of topics, including but not limited to:- Occupational Safety- Risk Assessment- Ergonomics- Management Systems- Physical Environment - Construction Safety, and - Human FactorsThis compilation of papers in the domain of occupational safety and hygiene is mainly based on research works carried

This book focuses on understanding the process of problem construction in oral communication in foreign language contexts, examining how speakers of English as a second language approach issues in oral communication, as well as the strategies they employ to overcome these difficulties. Using theories of general communication, and in particular current approaches to L2 oral communication and strategies in interactional discourse, the authors construct a theoretical framework for defining, identifying and classifying learners’ problems and coping strategies when speaking English as a second or foreign language. The book offers a coherent process-oriented description of the complex and multidimensional nature and typology of oral interaction problems in EFL contexts, and it will be of interest to practitioners, teachers, researchers, students, and curriculum designers in Applied Linguistics and TESOL.

Every secondary school pupil studies modern foreign languages as part of the curriculum, and some do so with considerably more success than others. This book looks firstly at the ways in which languages can be taught, and secondly at case studies that highlight the practical methods that will help teachers get the best results. The case studies included show that the best learners are those who have developed learning strategies that help them succeed. These learning strategies are examined through practical examples carried out in classrooms, and advice is given about ways in which teachers can ensure that all their pupils have the opportunity to develop these skills. Lots of suggestions are made about the various activities teachers can carry out in order to make learning enjoyable and positive. In some cases, the results are shown to be very encouraging and any language teacher should be left with a feeling not only of renewed enthusiasm for their subject area but also a deeper understanding of how to enable learners to reach their full potential.

Teaching English for Tourism initiates a sustained academic discussion on the teaching and learning of English to tourism professionals, or to students who aspire to build a career in the tourism industry. Responding to a gap in the field, this is the first book of its kind to explore the implications of research in English for tourism (EfT) within the field of English for specific purposes. This edited volume brings together teachers and researchers of EfT from diverse national and institutional contexts, focusing on connecting current research in EfT contexts to classroom implications. It considers a wide range of themes related to the teaching of EfT, including theoretical concepts, methodological frameworks, and specific teaching methods. The book explores topics relating to the impact of changing technologies, the need for cultural understanding, and support for writing development, among others. Teaching English for Tourism explores this growing area of English for specific purposes and allows for researchers and practitioners to share their findings in an academic context. This unique book is ideal reading for researchers, post-graduate students, and professionals working in the fields of English language teaching and learning.

Examines the process of communicative interaction from the respective points of view of teachers, learners and activities. It also points to ways by which modern language teachers and learners in schools can be helped to understand the moves they make in pursuit of communication.