In James Baldwin's fiction, according to Trudier Harris, black women are conceptually limited figures until their author ceases to measure them by standards of the community fundamentalist church. Harris analyzes works written over a thirty-year period to show how Baldwin's development of female character progresses through time. Black women in the early fiction, responding to their elders as well as to religious influences, see their lives in terms of duty as wives, mothers, sisters, and lovers. Failure in any of these roles leads to guilt feelings and the expectation of damnation. In later works, Baldwin adopts a new point of view, acknowledging complex extenuating circumstances in lieu of pronouncing moral judgement. Female characters in works written at this stage eventually come to believe that the church affords no comfort. Baldwin subsequently makes villains of some female churchgoers, and caring women who do not attend church become his most attractive characters. Still later in Baldwin's career, a woman who frees herself of guilt by moving completely beyond the church attains greater contentment than almost all of her counterparts in the earlier works.

Contains biographical and critical essays on the work of important African American writers.

Saints, Sinners, Saviors: Strong Black Women in African American Literature posits strength as a frequently contradictory and damaging trait for black women characters in several literary works of the twentieth century. Authors of these works draw upon popular images of African American women in producing what they believe to be safe literary representations. Instead, strength becomes a problematic trait, at times a disease, in many characters in which it appears. It has a detrimental impact on the relatives and neighbors of such women as well as on the women themselves. The pattern of portraying women characters as strong in African American literature has become so pronounced that it has stifled the literature.

View the Table of Contents Read the Introduction.This excellent volume conceives of Baldwin as a figure crucial to discussions of whiteness, sexuality, and globalization. The times are ripe for the valuable reconsideration of Baldwin that James Baldwin Now provides.--Jennifer DeVere Brody,George Washington UniversityOne of the most prolific and influential African American writers, James Baldwin was for many a harbinger of hope, a man who traversed the genres of art-writing novels, essays, and poetry.James Baldwin Now takes advantage of the latest interdisciplinary work to understand the complexity of Baldwin's vision and contributions without needing to name him as exclusively gay, expatriate, black, or activist. It was, in fact, Baldwin who said, it is quite impossible to write a worthwhile novel about a Jew or a Gentile or a Homosexual, for people refuse... to function in so neat and one-dimensional a fashion. McBride has gathered a unique group of new scholars to interrogate Baldwin's life, his presence, and his political thought and work. James Baldwin Now finally addresses the man who spoke, and continues to speak, so eloquently to crucial issues of the twentieth century.Table of ContentsIntroduction: How Much Time Do You Want for Your Progress? New Approaches to James Baldwin Dwight A. McBridePart I: Baldwin and Race1 White Fantasies of Desire: Baldwin and the Racial Identities of SexualityMarlon B. Ross2 Now More Than Ever: James Baldwin and the Critique of White LiberalismRebecca Aanerud 3 Finding the Words: Baldwin, Race Consciousness, and Democratic TheoryLawrie BalfourPart II: Baldwin and Sexuality4 Culture, Rhetoric, and Queer Identity: James Baldwin and the Identity Politics of Race and Sexuality William J. Spurlin5 Of Mimicry and (Little Man Little) Man: Toward a Queersighted Theory of Black Childhood Nicholas Boggs6 Sexual Exiles: James Baldwin and Another Country James A. DievlerPart III: Baldwin and the Transatlantic7 Baldwin's Cosmopolitan Loneliness James Darsey8 Alas, Poor Richard!: Transatlantic Baldwin, the Politics of Forgetting, and the Project of Modernity Michelle M. Wright9 The Parvenu Baldwin and the Other Side of Redemption: Modernity, Race, Sexuality, and the Cold War Roderick A. FergusonPart IV: Baldwin and Intertextuality10 (Pro)Creating Imaginative Spaces and Other Queer Acts: Randall Kenan's A Visitation of Spirits and Its Revival of James Baldwin's Absent Black Gay Man in Giovanni's Room Sharon Patricia Holland11 I'm Not Entirely What I Look Like: Richard Wright,James Baldwin, and the Hegemony of Vision; or, Jimmy's FBEye BluesMaurice Wallace12 Life According to the Beat: James Baldwin, Bessie Smith, and the Perilous Sounds of LoveJosh KunPart V: Baldwin and the Literary13 The Discovery of What It Means to Be a Witness: James Baldwin's Dialectics of Difference Joshua L. Miller14 Selfhood and Strategy in Notes of a Native Son Lauren Rusk15 Select Bibliography of Works by and on James Baldwin Jeffrey W. HoleContributors Index

James Baldwin’s Later Fiction examines the decline of Baldwin’s reputation after the middle 1960s, his tepid reception in mainstream and academic venues, and the ways in which critics have often mis-represented and undervalued his work. Scott develops readings of Tell Me How Long the Train’s Been Gone, If Beale Street Could Talk, and Just Above My Head that explore the interconnected themes in Baldwin’s work: the role of the family in sustaining the arts, the price of success in American society, and the struggle of black artists to change the ways that race, sex, and masculinity are represented in American culture. Scott argues that Baldwin’s later writing crosses the cultural divide between the 1950s and 1960s in response to the civil rights and black power movements. Baldwin’s earlier works, his political activism and sexual politics, and traditions of African American autobiography and fiction all play prominent roles in Scott’s analysis.

Challenging the standard portrayals of Black men in African American literature From Frederick Douglass to the present, the preoccupation of black writers with manhood and masculinity is a constant. Black Manhood in James Baldwin, Ernest J. Gaines, and August Wilson explores how in their own work three major African American writers contest classic portrayals of black men in earlier literature, from slave narratives through the great novels of Richard Wright and Ralph Ellison. Keith Clark examines short stories, novels, and plays by Baldwin, Gaines, and Wilson, arguing that since the 1950s the three have interrupted and radically dismantled the constricting literary depictions of black men who equate selfhood with victimization, isolation, and patriarchy. Instead, they have reimagined black men whose identity is grounded in community, camaraderie, and intimacy. Delivering original and startling insights, this book will appeal to scholars and students of African American literature, gender studies, and narratology.

Saints, Sinners, Saviors: Strong Black Women in African American Literature posits strength as a frequently contradictory and damaging trait for black women characters in several literary works of the twentieth century. Authors of these works draw upon popular images of African American women in producing what they believe to be safe literary representations. Instead, strength becomes a problematic trait, at times a disease, in many characters in which it appears. It has a detrimental impact on the relatives and neighbors of such women as well as on the women themselves. The pattern of portraying women characters as strong in African American literature has become so pronounced that it has stifled the literature.