In a relatively short period of time two-dimensional echocardiography has become the most important non-invasive diagnostic tool in the daily practice of a pediatric cardiologist who predominantly deals with congenital structural heart disease in neonates and infants. Consequently, one-dimensional M-mode echocardiography has lost most of its importance particularly in this field. Therefore, an atlas showing exclusively two-dimensional echo cardiograms of the most common and some less frequently occurring malformations appeared to be a useful addition to the existing literature. The confinement to two dimensional imaging alone allowed an elaborate presentation of the various defects with more than 200 selected still frames and many additional explanatory drawings and diagrams. The material was collected from patients who were referred to the Department of Pediatric Cardiology of the Wilhelmina University Children's Hospital in Utrecht during a period of about 2 years. The two-dimensional echocardiographic findings were correlated with cardiac catheterization data and/or surgical procedures and/or post mortem investigations. The necessary echocardiographic equipment was aquired with financial aid from the Dutch Heart Foundation. We are indebted to Mrs. 1. W. Wetselaar for her outstanding artwork. We also thank P. D. Woltema and F. l. van Waert for the photographic reproductions, lacomine Bosma for preparing and type-setting the entire manuscript and Dr. N. Middleton for critically reading the English text. G. l. van Mill, M. D. A. l. Moulaert, M. D. E. Harinck, M. D. CONTENTS 1. Introduction and the normal heart 1 Introduction 1 T~~m~h~rt 2 2.

This atlas is a comprehensive compendium of congeni and two-dimensional echocardiographic examples. The tal cardiac morphology as depicted by tomographic two examples and experience span all ages and may be used dimensional echocardiography. Anatomic specimens by both pediatric and adult cardiologists. The intended cut in planes of section corresponding to the echocar emphasis is on tomographic morphology and not on diographic views help in the understanding of the echo specialty applications such as fetal, contrast, or Dop cardiographic sections. Composite photographs relate pler echocardiography. different planes of section or cardiac events. Still-frame The tomographic approach to congenital anomalies is photography cannot always adequately relate real-time the imaging modality of the 80s and is applicable to echocardiography, computerized tomography, and imaging events. However, the emphasis of this text is to demonstrate the tomographic morphology and no at magnetic resonance imaging. It is the building block tempt is made to discuss in detail functional or physio from which the expected three-dimensional imaging logic events. techniques of the 1990s will be developed. The wide spread clinical application of these imaging modalities Those performing two-dimensional echocardiography should have a working knowledge of cardiac anatomy has rekindled interest in cardiac anatomy and pathol and common congenital aberrations. This is an in-depth ogy, particularly in the evaluation of patients with con tomographic atlas not only of the common congenital genital heart disease.

In a relatively short period of time two-dimensional echo cardiography has become the most important non-invasive diagnostic tool in the daily practice of a pediatric cardiologist who predominantly deals with congenital structural heart disease in neonates and infants. Consequently, one-dimensional M-mode echocardiography has lost most of its importance particularly in this field. Therefore, an atlas showing exclusively two-dimensional echocardiograms of the most common and some less frequently occurring malformations appeared to be a useful addition to the existing literature. The confinement to two dimensional imaging alone allowed an elaborate presentation of the various defects with more than 200 selected still frames and many additional explanatory drawings and diagrams. The material was collected from patients who were referred to the Department of Pediatric Cardiology of the Wilhelmina University Children's Hospital in Utrecht during a period of about 2 years. The two-dimensional echocardiographic findings were correlated with cardiac catheterization data and/or surgical procedures and/or post mortem investigations. The necessary echocardiographic equipment was aquired with financial aid from the Dutch Heart Foundation. We are indebted to Mrs. J. W. Wetselaar for her outstanding artwork. We also thank P. D. Woltema and F. J. van Waert for the photographic reproductions, Jacomine Bosma for preparing and type-setting the entire manuscript and Dr. N. Middleton for critically reading the English text. G. J. van Mill, M. D. A. J. Moulaert, M. D. E. Harinck, M. D. CONTENTS 1. Introduction and the normal heart Introduction The normal heart 2 2.

The Comprehensive Atlas of 3D Echocardiography takes full advantage of today's innovative multimedia technology. To help the reader understand the unique dynamic nature of a comprehensive 3D echocardiographic examination, the printed pages are supplemented with a companion website; this Atlas introduces the use of anatomy specimens, videos, unique imaging windows, and novel displays obtained with cropping tools. This approach offers a clear picture of how the diagnostic and monitoring capabilities of 3D echocardiography can benefit patients with a wide range of cardiovascular pathology, including congenital heart disease. By showing a large number and variety of case studies, this Atlas demonstrates how 3D echocardiography can greatly enhance the diagnosis and clinical decision-making, especially when compared to two-dimensional techniques. Whether you're a Cardiologist, Sonographer, Anesthesiologist, Intensivist, Cardiac Surgeon, Researcher or any other Cardiovascular Medicine Professional, you'll find this new Comprehensive Atlas of 3D Echocardiography is a must have reference book. FEATURES * Companion website includes more than 350 videos and 400 still images * Emphasizes real-time 3D TEE technology * Comparisons with anatomic specimens and 2D echocardiographic images provided, where helpful, to aid in the understanding of how 3D views and measurements relate to standard 2D techniques