Churchill's description of the fall of Singapore on 15 February 1942, after Lt-Gen Percival's surrender led to over 100,000 British, Australian and Indian troops falling into the hands of the Japanese, was no wartime exaggeration. The Japanese had promised that there would be no Dunkirk in Singapore, and its fall led to imprisonment, torture and death for thousands of allied men and women. With much new material from British, Australian, Indian and Japanese sources, Colin Smith has woven together the full and terrifying story of the fall of Singapore and its aftermath. Here, alongside cowardice and incompetence, are forgotten acts of enormous heroism; treachery yet heart-rending loyalty; Japanese compassion as well as brutality from the bravest and most capricious enemy the British ever had to face.

In conjunction with Singapore's 50th birthday in August 2015, 50 Years of Environment: Singapore's Journey Towards Environmental Sustainability takes the reader through Singapore's environmental journey over the past 50 years, to its present day challenges and solutions, and seeks to explore what lies ahead for Singapore's environmental future. This book is divided into three parts. The first, drawn largely from the book Clean, Green and Blue: Singapore's Journey Towards Environmental and Water Sustainability, will explore the historical developments in Singapore's environmental journey and the development of NEWater. The second part will be a collection of essays that examine the present environmental challenges that Singapore faces and the ways in which it is addressing those issues through community engagement, international engagement, research and technology, and industry solutions in order to develop sustainable strategies and solutions. Part Three will bring the book to a close by tying the historical and contemporary threads together and discusses the future challenges for Singapore's environment. Contents:EndorsementsPrefaceAbout the EditorAbout the ContributorsAppreciationJourney to the Present:Reflections on Singapore's Environmental Journey (Tan Yong Soon, Lee Tung Jean and Karen Tan)Cleaning the Land and Rivers (Tan Yong Soon, Lee Tung Jean and Karen Tan)Applying Economic Principles to Environmental Policy (Tan Yong Soon, Lee Tung Jean and Karen Tan)The Search for NEWater: The Singapore Water Story (Lee Ek Tieng)Environmental Planning For Sustainable Development (Tan Yong Soon)Present Challenges:Frontier Research in Environment and Water: Integrated Research Approach for Sustainable Solutions (Lee Lai Yoke and Ong Choon Nam)Energy Transitions — Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Challenges in the Tropics (Nilesh Y Jadhav, Subodh Mhaisalkar and Hans B (Teddy) Püttgen)Developing a Vibrant Sustainable Energy Industry (Edwin Khew, Christophe Inglin, Sanjay Kuttan and Low Kian Beng)Community Engagement to Promote Environmental Ownership and Secure Our Future (Chew Gek Khim)Island in the World: Singapore's Environment and the International Dimensions (Simon Tay and Cheong Poh Kwan)Moving into the Future:Environmental Sustainability and Sustainable Development (Tan Yong Soon and Kwek Leng Joo) Readership: General readers who are interested in learning more about Singapore's environmental journey, present day developments, and the potential environmental challenges in the future. Key Features:Contains a great variety of contributions from leading individuals in the public, private and people sectors, and leading academics at the forefront of environmental research and developmentProvides a good overview of Singapore's history in improving environmental conditions, present challenges, and possible future developments for Singapore's environmentSuitable for a variety of readers, ranging from the general reader to academics and practitionersKeywords:Singapore;Environment;Sustainability;R&DReview: "Singapore's transformation from an impoverished and polluted island to the world's beacon of environmental progress has been nothing short of miraculous. Miracles, however, are hard to repeat elsewhere, therefore, we are very fortunate that Singapore's environmental transformation was not at all a miracle. Instead, it happened thanks to clever and consistent strategies and brilliant execution. Over the last 30 years, as I got to gradually know the Singapore miracle workers and their methods, I often prayed that other jurisdictions would learn the steps involved. This book about the Singapore miracle provides an opportunity for environmental leaders everywhere to extract the policies and procedures they need to bring about progress in their own jurisdiction." Dr Andrew Benedek Founder, Chairman and CEO of ZENON Environmental Inc. and Anaergia Inc. Winner of the inaugural Lee Kuan Yew Water Prize in 2008 "For a seriously resource-constrained nation, Singapore has come a long way since its independence in 1965. Very few people, if any, 50 years ago would have predicted that this city-state would become the envy of the world by 2015. While everyone knows and admires the remarkable progress of the past half century, not many people are familiar with the achievements in the field of environment and the enabling conditions that made this possible. One of the very few serious studies that is available is Tan Yong Soon's earlier book Clean, Green and Blue: Singapore's Journey Towards Environmental and Water Sustainability. The present text is a worthy complement that adds to the in-depth analysis of this important journey. The book is strongly recommended." Professor Asit K Biswas Distinguished Visiting Professor Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, Singapore and Co-founder, Third World Centre for Water Management, Mexico "This book charts a 50-year visionary journey that began on the right foot, with recognition that sustainable economic growth and a clean environment are mutually reinforcing goals. Over these decades, Singapore has moved from cleaning up the land and rivers, through controlling pollution and meeting water needs, to the current use of cutting-edge research and technology to build clean and renewable energy for the future. With the city-state now ranking near the top of the world in terms of environmental standards, the book offers many lessons for other countries looking for ways to meet the growing demand for water and energy while preserving a health-promoting environment." Dr Margaret Chan Director-General, World Health Organization "Singapore celebrates its 50th anniversary of nationhood in a milestone year as countries of the world come together to agree a climate-safe path to sustainable development. Since its establishment, Singapore has sought to leverage sound environmental stewardship and social engagement into prosperity and growth. Singapore has been remarkably successful. The 50 Years of Environment publication demonstrates how progressive policy such as ecologically sound natural resource management, incentives to innovate and emphasis on clean development are at the heart of this vibrant modern economy. This is a welcome addition to the global dialogue on development as a powerful case study for what is possible. As governments move towards a set of Sustainable Development Goals and a new, universal climate change agreement in Paris this year, the knowledge and experiences in this book showcase real world policy success and inspire the world." Ms Christiana Figueres Executive Secretary, UN Framework Convention on Climate Change "Singapore's success in becoming a developed country and, at the sametime, taking good care of its environment, is a vindication of what we were trying to achieve at the 1992 Earth Summit. This important book explains how Singapore did it and outlines present and future challenges as Singapore continues its journey into environmental sustainability and sustainable development." Professor Tommy Koh Chairman, Preparatory Committee and Chairman, Main Committee UN Conference on Environment and Development 2006 Champion of the Earth, awarded by UNEP 2006 President's Award for the Environment, Singapore "Singapore is well known globally for its brilliant economic success story. It deserves to be equally well-known for its environmental success story. It is truly remarkable that unlike other successful economies, Singapore did not sacrifice its environment in pursuit of economic growth. This is why this book edited by Tan Yong Soon could not be more timely. The world can learn a lot of lessons from this volume." Professor Kishore Mahbubani Dean, LKY School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, and author of The Great Convergence: Asia, the West, and the Logic of One World "With a population density of around 7,500 people to the square kilometre, Singapore is one of the most densely populated countries on Earth. This book of essays by some of those most closely involved shows how the country evolved through half a century of commitment and foresight into one of the world's most liveable cities with green spaces and fresh water and how it is addressing present environmental challenges to develop sustainable strategies and solutions. Others take notice and follow!" Lord Ronald Oxburgh Former Rector of Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine (1993–2000) Former Chairman of the UK House of Lords Select Committee on Science and Technology (2000–2004) Honorary President of the Carbon Capture and Storage Association

The increasing intensity and frequency of natural disasters all around the world has caused severe socioeconomic impacts, especially in South and Southeast Asia. This region is particularly susceptible to vegetation fires, leading to biomass burning pollution with impacts on other countries through trans-boundary air pollution. Despite the growing body of information on biomass pollutants worldwide, only a modest amount of data from these regions are available. With fires and biomass burning identified as a vital issue in South/Southeast Asia, this two-volume set was created to meet community research and application needs. To better serve the atmospheric, environmental, and remote sensing communities, and to address air quality, climate, and the human health impacts of greenhouse gases and aerosols from biomass burning, this set brings together the collective achievements of experts in these regions and the state-of-the-art technologies and spatial analyses to model and monitor biomass burning events and their impacts. This first volume covers various topics on fire, biomass burning, mapping and monitoring while the second volume highlights the impact of biomass burning on the biosphere and reflects extensive research by interdisciplinary teams of experts. This set will serve as a valuable resource for remote sensing scientist, geographers, ecologists, atmospheric scientists, environmental scientists, and all who wish to advance their knowledge on fires, biomass burning, and biomass burning pollution in South/Southeast Asia Specific Features: Unique in its discussion of the sources and the causes of biomass burning and atmospheric research in South and Southeast Asia. Explains how remote sensing and geospatial technologies help the mapping and monitoring of biomass burning events and their impacts. Focuses on large spatial scales integrating top-down and bottom-up methodologies. Addresses the pressing issues of environmental pollution that are rampant in South and Southeast Asia. Includes contributions from global experts currently working on biomass burning projects in the US, Japan, South/Southeast Asia, and Europe.

When Singapore fell so ignominiously to the Japanese in February 1942, many tens of thousands of men, women and children were left to their own devices. To stay in Singapore meant certain captivity. This book tells of some of the remarkable and shocking experiences that lay in store for those who decided to escape by whatever means. A shocking and inspiring book that embraces great courage and endurance.

Shortly after midnight on 8 December 1941, two divisions of crack troops of the Imperial Japanese Army began a seaborne invasion of southern Thailand and northern Malaya. Their assault developed into a full-blown advance towards Singapore, the main defensive position of the British Empire in the Far East. The defending British, Indian, Australian and Malayan forces were outmanoeuvred on the ground, overwhelmed in the air and scattered on the sea. By the end of January 1942, British Empire forces were driven back onto the island of Singapore Itself, cut off from further outside help. When the Japanese stormed the island with an an-out assault, the defenders were quickly pushed back into a corner from which there was no escape. Singapore’s defenders finally capitulated on 15 February, to prevent the wholesale pillage of the city itself. Their rapid and total defeat was nothing less than military humiliation and political disaster. Based on the most extensive use yet of primary documents in Britain, Japan, Australia and Singapore, Brian Farrell provides the fullest picture of how and why Singapore fell and its real significance to the outcome of the Second World War.

The Historical Dictionary of Singapore relates this history of this country through a chronology, an introductory essay, an expansive bibliography, and over 500 cross-referenced dictionary entries on significant persons, events, places, organizations, and other aspects of Singapore history from the earliest times to the present.

The city-state of Singapore is a relatively recent arrival on the world stage. Singapore has achieved the remarkable transformation of transforming itself from a Third World to a First World entity within the span of just one generation. It was founded by a prescient Englishman, Sir Stamford Raffles, a visionary who saw the potential for an expanding British Empire. From February 1819 until February 1942, English presence continued and expanded, until the Japanese invaded and occupied the territory. The Fall of Singapore heralded the end of the British Empire, a time when other colonies were wakened to assert their independence from the colonial yoke. Initially, Singapore was to join the Malaysian Federation, but political differences resulted in the expulsion of the small state. On the same day of that expulsion, Singapore became independent. Lee Kuan Yew, a remarkable man, then assumed the helm of the new country. His political acumen oversaw the transformation of this city-state into a modern powerhouse, a remarkable achievement. Singapore has become a place of advanced trade, the desired tourist attraction, amidst economic and political stability. This achievement is the more remarkable since Singapore has limited land and no natural resources. Its only resource is a deep harbor, sufficient for entrepot trade. It is this singular feature that has been exploited to the fullest. Entering Singaporean waters reflects on a remarkable scene: dozens of ships, of every flag and purpose, from industry to cruise liner, awaits entry to its ports. I describe the scene and setting, together with the remarkable man whose influences are still present among the three different communities comprising Singapore: Chinese, Malaysian, and English-speakers. Though democratic, the Singaporean government is paternalistic, with the greatest care exerted in how different people can live together in harmony. And this city-state is doubly remarkable for the integrity of its government and people. I was amazed to see a full-sized umbrella leaning in a corner of the subway, with none who entered or left the car removing it from its perch. What other city can boast such a standard? I also describe the Jewish community here, how they live in this city-state while Israel and Israeli advisors remain in the background, though exerting great influence on Singaporean defense and military preparedness. This is a remarkable place and its founders set the standard that continues today.