In this fascinating deep dive into the evolution of monetary systems around the globe, Nik Bhatia takes us into the origins of how money has evolved to function in a "layered" manner. Using gold as an example of this term, he traces the layers of this ancient currency from raw mined material, to gold coins, and finally to bank-issued gold certificates. In a groundbreaking manner, Bhatia offers a similar paradigm for the evolution of digital currencies. Bhatia's analysis begins in Renaissance Florence with the gold Florin coin and a burgeoning banking culture, continues with the evolution of central banking, and concludes with a vision for the future of our international monetary system. As central banks around the world prepare to launch their own crypto-competitors, Bhatia illustrates how the invention of Bitcoin created a seismic shift in money and merged the monetary and cryptography sciences. His unique analysis of "layered money" illuminates money markets for the general reader and shows how Bitcoin is becoming a trusted global currency. Readers will come away with an understanding of the mechanics of our financial system, why the dollar is deeply entrenched despite its state of disrepair, and how Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) and cryptocurrencies will interact in our new monetary future.

Please note: This is a companion version & not the original book. Sample Book Insights: #1 Money is a tool that allowed humans to progress away from reciprocal altruism, where animals exchange favors. Humans have used seashells, animal teeth, jewelry, livestock, and iron tools as tokens of barter for tens of thousands of years, but eventually settled on gold and silver as globally accepted forms of currency. #2 The first coins were made by the Lydians around 700 BC. They were embossed with an image of a roaring lion and weighed 126 grains, which is about 8 grams. Because all coins had a precise amount of gold, they could then be used as a unit of account. #3 The Roman Empire is a great example of how coins led to government influence over currency. In the first century AD, coins called denarii were minted by the government in Rome, and due to the empire’s worldwide expanse, they were used across Europe, Asia, and Africa. #4 The northern Italian cities of Florence, Venice, Genoa, and Pisa established themselves as city-republics in the 11th century, and their newfound independence was later marked by the coinage of their own money. The Florentine florin was the first gold florin, and it became the international monetary standard for pan-European finance.

The gold standard in textbooks on forensic accounting, fraud detection, and deterrence In the newly revised third edition of Forensic Accounting and Fraud Examination, a team of renowned educators provides students and professionals alike with a comprehensive introduction to forensic accounting, fraud detection, and deterrence. Adhering to the model curriculum for education in fraud and forensic accounting funded by the US National Institute of Justice, this leading textbook offers real-world practicality supported by effective learning pedagogies and engaging case studies that bring technical concepts to life. Covering every key step of the investigative process, Forensic Accounting and Fraud Examination contains 32 integrated IDEA and Tableau software cases that introduce students to the practical tools accounting professionals use to maximize auditing and analytic capabilities, detect fraud, and comply with documentation requirements. Numerous case summaries, “The Fraudster’s Perspective” boxes, and detailed discussions of a wide range of accounting issues provide students and practitioners with the tools they’ll need to successfully investigate, prosecute, research, and resolve forensic accounting issues and financial fraud. The perfect resource for students of forensic accounting and fraud examination, as well as practitioners in the field, Forensic Accounting and Fraud Examination, Third Edition, will also prove invaluable for academics and researchers with an interest in the subject.

This two-volume work offers a comprehensive examination of the distressing topics of transnational crime and the implications for global security. National security is a key concern for individual nations, regions, and the global community, yet globalism has led to the perfusion of transnational crime such that it now poses a serious threat to the national security of governments around the world. Whether attention is concentrated on a particular type of transnational crime or on broader concerns of transnational crime generally, the security issues related to preventing and combatting transnational crime remain of top-priority concern for many governments. Transnational Crime and Global Security has been carefully curated to provide students, scholars, professionals, and consultants of criminal justice and security studies with comprehensive information about and in-depth analysis of contemporary issues in transnational crime and global security. The first volume covers such core topics as cybercrime, human trafficking, and money laundering and also contains infrequently covered but nevertheless important topics including environmental crime, the weaponization of infectious diseases, and outlaw motorcycle gangs. The second volume is unique in its coverage of security issues related to such topics as the return of foreign terrorist fighters, using big data to reinforce security, and how to focus efforts that encourage security cooperation.

A new paradigm of value creation, driven by your personal values. In Invisible Wealth: 5 Principles for Redefining Personal Wealth in the New Paradigm, certified wealth management advisor and entrepreneur, Jennifer Wines, delivers an insightful exploration into reimagining and redefining wealth. This book explores the technological advancements and societal shifts that have us considering everything from digital assets to digital community, all of which are organized around values. This new paradigm places a premium on intangible, or invisible, assets represented by 5 principles—money, health, knowledge, time, and relationships—each of which is attainable through your own personal, renewable resources. This paradigm shift takes on a more holistic and personalized approach to defining wealth. In this book, you’ll discover: How to use the personal wealth algorithm to identify your values, and wealth goals. How to optimize your most valuable asset, your time. How technology can support your wealth and well-being. Offering pragmatic and philosophical considerations for redefining what’s truly important to you, Invisible Wealth belongs in the hands of anyone seeking a rich life. It’s time to reimagine and redefine what wealth means to you.

This book is the first volume in a three-volume series that takes an in-depth look at the relevance of Marx's economics for understanding the modern economy. The focus of this volume is the money prices of commodities. In light of the failure of central banks to stimulate inflation through printing of money, it is now accepted that there are problems with the mainstream approach to the explanation of prices. Howard Nicholas underlines the shortcomings of this and other approaches to the explanation of prices, particularly their concepts of the value of the commodity and money. He argues the problems with all other approaches are manifest in their inability to explain the changes in the relative prices of commodities, taking place in the context of changes in the aggregate money price level as well as independently. He contends that of paramount importance in Marx’s explanation is that prices are set by producers prior to putting their commodities into the process of circulation, undermining the notion they are determined by the supply of and demand for the commodities in the process of exchange. Marx’s approach to the explanation of prices is also contrasted with those of Neoclassicals, Post-Keynesians and Sraffa, with a view to highlighting the shortcomings in these approaches as bases for their understanding and explanations of money and prices. This book will be of interest to academics and students of price theory, money and finance, political economy, and the history of economic thought.

National borders are permeable to all types of illicit action and contraband goods, whether it is trafficking humans, body parts, digital information, drugs, weapons, or money. Whilst criminals exist in a borderless world where territorial boundaries allow them to manipulate different markets in illicit goods, the authorities who pursue them can remain constrained inside their own jurisdictions. In a new edition of his ground-breaking work, Boister examines how states must cooperate to tackle some of the greatest security threats in this century so far, analyses to what extent vested interests have determined the course of global policy and law enforcement, and illustrates how responding to transnational crime itself becomes a form of international relations which reorders global political power and becomes, at least in part, an end in itself. Arguing that transnational criminal law is currently geared towards suppressing criminal activity, but is not as committed to ensuring justice, Boister suggests that it might be more strongly influenced by individual moral panics and a desire for criminal retribution than an interest in ensuring a proportional response to offences, protection of human rights, and the preservation of the rule of law.