Dental Implants and Bone Grafts: Materials and Biological Issues brings together cutting-edge research to provide detailed coverage of biomaterials for dental implants and bone graft, enabling scientists and clinicians to gain a thorough knowledge of advances and applications in this field. As tooth loss and alveolar bony defects are common and pose a significant health problem in dental clinics, this book deals with timely topics, including alveolar bone structures and pathological changes, reviews of indications and advantages of biomaterials for dental implants and bone graft, design and surface modification, biological interaction and biocompatibility of modern dental implants and bone graft, and new frontiers. This book is a highly valuable resource for scientists, clinicians and implantologists interested in biomaterial and regenerative strategies for alveolar bone reconstruction. Focuses on the structure, function and pathology of alveolar bone system Considers the issues involved in selecting biomaterials for dental implants and bone grafts Discusses the requirements for optimal dental implant osseointegration and alveolar bone replacements/reconstruction Explains the biological basis of dental implants and bone grafts

Bone reconstruction of defects resulting from atrophy, injury, congenital malformations, or neoplasms has become a routine part of dental rehabilitation procedures, but it requires sound knowledge of bone repair processes and graft behavior. This book presents protocols for harvesting, preserving, and placing bone grafts that are based on the biology and general principles of bone grafting involving the symphysis, ascending ramus and body, coronoid process, maxillary tuberosity, sinus wall, zygomatic buttress, calvarium, iliac crest, and tibia.

This valuable book presents clinical experiences and research of bone grafting. Bone grafting is an essential technique practiced by craniofacial, maxillofacial, orthopedic, neuro, reconstructive and oral surgeons. Bone grafting can be used for reconstruction and restoring missing bone in trauma and tumor surgery of the facial bone or in road traffic accidents with multiple injuries and in post-traumatic missile war injuries to the face or limbs. Bone grafts, in the form of Kummoona Chondro-Ossous graft or Costo-Chondral graft, are used for reconstruction of damage TMJ for restoration of growth, function, and repair. Bone grafting is a surgical procedure where the iliac crest or rib or tibia is used to perform grafting. In this book, we examine the experimental studies on rabbits to understand the cellular changes associated with bone grafting. From this, we noticed that mesenchymal stem cells and growth factor are released from platelets and these play an important role in healing the bone graft. We recommend this valuable book to all cranio-maxillofacial, orthopedic, plastic, reconstructive, neuro and oral surgeons and to all postgraduate students studying bone grafting.

While an oral surgery resident in training at the University of Michigan in 1977, I observed a strange phenomenon in a maxillary fracture patient. A unilateral ossification of the maxillary antrum occurred following a Le Fort III fracture that had been treated the year before. I wondered how trauma around the antrum due to an impacted maxilla and the inferiorly displaced orbital rim could lead to an ossified maxillary sinus. The trauma was bilateral, yet only one side responded by ossification. Furthermore, there appeared to be no functional impairment of the sinus. This unusual finding remained a mystery to me for many years. It wasn't until 1980, when Phil Boyne published the first paper on the sinus augmentation graft, that the mystery began to be solved. He found that preservation of the elevated sinus membrane created a confined space in which bone had the potential to form. Dr Boyne went on to show, in a primate study, that bone would readily form in the sinus floor, but that the newly formed bone would completely resorb over a period of a year unless dental implants were placed to help maintain the bone. Many other workers began to experiment with various bone-grafting materials, both in animals and clinically. Remarkably, most of the materials demonstrated new bone formation in the graft sites. Because dental implants were generally used as the measure of bone graft success and since there were very few implant failures reported in the literature, confusion resulted as to which grafting material to use. It seemed they all worked. To sort this out, a few patients with 5 to 7 mm of available bone were treated with sinus elevation and Gore-Tex over the lateral osteotomy site only. Despite no graft material be used, bone formed. As long as the sinus membrane remained intact, bone formed beneath the sinus membrane that had been tented up by simultaneously placed implants. The need to use any graft material at all appeared to be brought into question. At the same time, practitioners lined up in two camps: those who placed implants in delayed fashion after graft maturation and those who preferred simultaneous implant placement. Both approaches published a high level of success seeming to substantiate their protocols, but once again the measure of success was hampered by the lack of any human evidence for efficacy. A 5-year implant retrieval study was undertaken using standard titanium mini-implants that had been placed simultaneously with grafting. Interestingly, bone did not form well around these implants in this setting despite positive reviews in animal studies. Could we conclude that the delayed approach was preferred, or was there another factor, such as the implant surface, that could be important? Hydroxyapatite-coated, titanium plasma-sprayed, and acid-etched titanium implant surfaces seemed to do well in the grafted bone. Could this be the answer for implants placed into sinus bone grafts? As these developments are progressing, new interest is generated in jump-starting the natural inductive processes of bone formation through pharmacokinetics. Early results of human studies now appear to be favorable for using bone morphogenetic protein as a graft alternative that stands to modify all of the protocols in use to date. How these various approaches work toward definitive answers to the basic biologic and clinical questions is what this book is all about. The authors attempt to answer the how, why, when, and where of sinus grafting. It is hoped that the state of the art of sinus grafting will be elucidate for the reader in the ongoing quest for scientific knowledge and its clinical appilcation that will ultimately lead to excellence in patient care.

This collection of articles by leading orthopedic and craniofacial surgeons and researchers comprehensively reviews the biology of bone formation and repair, the basic science of autologous bone graft, allograft, bone substitutes, and growth factors, and explore their clinical application in patients with bone repair problems.

Discusses all aspects of dental implants offering an overview of bone biology. Reviews graft materials and membrane barriers as well as recommends the situations and types of defects for which these materials are best suited. Covers harvesting and surgical techniques. Abundant color illustrations.

This book explores the potential of bone grafting techniques to rehabilitate the maxilla through the placement of dental implants. As implant dentistry becomes increasingly well established and sophisticated, this book will help experienced surgeons to involve implant solutions as part of more challenging reconstructions in the upper jaw. Starting with a recap on principles of bone biology, the book then considers implant integration in normal bone and with bone grafts. Grafting procedures are presented depicting a variety of bone harvest sites, followed by onlay and inlay grafting techniques. Approaches to sinus lifting, segmental osteotomy and distraction osteogenesis for augmentation protocols are provided.