Arthroplasty of the upper extremity is an established surgical intervention in the management of arthritis of the elbow, wrist and hand. The anatomy, kinematics and demands of the elbow, wrist, thumb CMC, and finger MCP and PIP joints pose unique surgical challenges. Implant design considerations are important in providing a joint that mimics the native joints and maximizes survivorship. However, outcomes are less predictable in these upper extremity joints when compared to the hips and knees. Each joint also carries its own set of potential complications and salvage options for revision and failed arthroplasty. This unique text helps the orthopedic and hand surgeon understand the surgical approaches, unique anatomic considerations, and both the historical and current designs related to each respective joint, enabling the surgeon to better appreciate the benefits and limitations of each arthroplasty. Presenting the current state of the art, the seven sections proceed anatomically from the elbow to the fingers, with each section comprised of three thematic chapters discussing implant design considerations, primary arthroscopy techniques and revision arthroscopy techniques, including non-surgical options for treating these often difficult problems. This consistent approach, accompanied by plentiful figures, radiographs and intraoperative photos, ensures that this will be a user-friendly resource for orthopedic and hand surgeons, residents and trainees.

This invaluable proceedings contains contributions from leading scientists in astrophysics, cosmology and related fields such as gravitation and elementary particles physics. It provides a general review of the status and the prospects of research in these fields for an audience of astrophysicists and physicists. The book includes both in depth reviews of various fields of relativistic astrophysics and shorter contributions on the latest results and developments in more specific areas. Some of the topics discussed are: physics of the early universe, cosmological parameters, formation of galaxies, black holes and compact objects, gravitational waves, cosmic rays, high energy radiation, dark matter, cosmic background, active galactic nuclei, supernovae and gravitational lensing.The proceedings have been selected for coverage in:• Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings (ISTP CDROM version / ISI Proceedings)

This book comprehensively discusses existing controversies in orthopedic and trauma surgery of the upper limb, i.e. of the shoulder, humerus, elbow, wrist and hand. Real-world examples by experts from leading institutions equip the reader with the necessary knowledge and insights to address controversial issues and clinical presentations. The volume is subdivided into 5 sections, each of which discusses the most relevant controversies related to each joint, such as surgical versus conservative interventions, resection vs. prosthetic arthroplasty and more generally if, when and how to intervene in diverse pathologic conditions. This comprehensive guide is a valuable resource for all orthopedic surgeons, residents and fellows practicing in the field of upper limb surgery.