The insistence on clerical celibacy was established in much of the Western Church beginning in the Fourth Century. It expanded slowly and unevenly throughout Late Antiquity and the early middle ages and at the Second Lateran Council in 1139 became Church Law. This Law of Celibacy decreed that Holy Orders were a absolute impediment to any in the higher clerical orders attempting to contract marriage. Any such marriage was automatically null and void in the eyes of the Church.

The NIV is the world's best-selling modern translation, with over 150 million copies in print since its first full publication in 1978. This highly accurate and smooth-reading version of the Bible in modern English has the largest library of printed and electronic support material of any modern translation.

In this challenging study Priscilla Martin investigates the subjects of women, sex and gender in Chaucer's poetry. She argues convincingly that these are Chaucer's major subjects and that he presents them as an area of human experience fraught with problems. Women, instead of producing texts and meanings themselves, are trapped in the books and meanings of others, and so the Madonna and the courtly heroine, the nun and the wife, are familiar but questionable images of constructed femininity. '...an intelligent, sensitive, fresh and close reading which focuses upon Chaucer's women ... unconventional and subtle' - John J.McGavin, Times Higher Education Supplement

For an educated, general readership and for use in college courses, this text introduces the role of celibacy, or a lack of it, in various religious traditions, and the contributors present the rationale for its observance (or not) within the context of each tradition.

A READERS' FAVORITE 2018 AWARD WINNING BOOK. The bestselling author of I PROMISED NOT TO TELL: Raising a transgender child invites you on a fascinating exploration to discover the truth in What Does God Think? Transgender People and The Bible. Presented with the idea that her transgender child was "not of God", Cheryl B. Evans set out to see what God really thinks about transgender people. What does the Bible say? Why is there such a big divide among Christians? Why do some Christians insist there is no such thing as a transgender person while other Christians accept and affirm transgender people? And most importantly, what does God think? This LGBT Christian book takes the reader on a journey that is educational and highly revealing. What Does God Think? is an invitation to examine the scriptures and give consideration to the social, cultural, and scientific facts that impact what we believe, and the way we internally feel about transgender people. Cheryl B. Evans handles this controversial topic with grace and compassion for people on both sides of this debate. If you have been struggling to understand how someone can be Christian and still accept and affirm transgender people then this book is for you. If you know someone who is struggling to accept a loved one who has come out as trans, this would be the perfect book to recommend. Are you ready to have this conversation? Opinions vary widely on the topic of gender, and gender identity, and when you mix religion into the conversation it gets even more interesting. In this non-fiction book, Evans discusses these important social issues in a calm and nonthreatening way. Making this transgender affirming book an excellent resource for both Christians and non-Christians. Grab your copy now and let's talk! Editorial Reviews: 'Evans presents an accessible introduction to issues surrounding trans identity and Christianity. After a brief explanation of the science of sexual diversity and the growing public awareness of trans people. Evans embarks on a fairly high-level exploration of the difficulty of relying on the Bible to address modern concerns. She builds a case that the Bible is less conservative than many traditionalists assert. Evans's clear, heartfelt writing is a compassionate starting point for discussion.' Publishers Weekly (BookLife) "Superb second book by Cheryl B. Evans. So much great reading in What Does God Think? and it is so well presented. "Hallalujah" Well done." Award Winning Author, Viga Boland (No Tears For My Father). "What Does God Think? does a great job of beginning a conversation. One that does not judge or condemn but offers valuable thought provoking insights. Ultimately, it delivers a message of truth about God's unconditional love and purposeful creation of each of us. As I have always believed, we are all part of the story which rises out of God's love and Jesus' teachings, transcending time. Love is like that. Good teaching is like that. They have iconoclastic power to draw humanity to the good however slow the process may be. This book has the power to bring comfort and spiritual healing to individuals seeking to understand how being transgender is not against God. It was a privilege to review What Does God Think? and in doing so I have expanded my knowledge about transgender people." The Reverend Dr. Janet Brigham Reader Review: "A must read for Christian Transgender issues I thought I was going to have to walk away from Christianity when my son came out as trans. There is hope that some people are open minded in the church." Edward. "This book perfectly sums up the seemingly inconsistent struggle between transgender people, the Christian Church, and God. Conflicting views abound and its easy to get confused especially when raising a transgender child yourself, having praised and loved God your whole life, only to be told by some that your child simply isn’t good enough or is actually possessed by demons. This book will dispel fears and gives a good wholesome perspective on the situation. Just breath, continue to love God, continue to love your child, and don’t let ‘other people’s opinions’ confuse you. Highly recommended." Catirona Borman

Among numerous ancient Western tropes about gender and procreation, “the seed and the soil” is arguably the oldest, most potent, and most invisible in its apparent naturalness. The Gender Vendors denaturalizes this proto-theory of procreation and deconstructs its contemporary legacy. As metaphor for gender and procreation, seed-and-soil constructs the father as the sole generating parent and the mother as nurturing medium, like soil, for the man’s seed-child. In other words, men give life; women merely give birth. The Gender Vendors examines seed-and-soil in the context of the psychology of gender, honor and chastity codes, female genital mutilation, the taboo on male femininity, femiphobia (the fear of being feminine or feminized), sexual violence, institutionalized abuse, the early modern witch hunts, the medicalization and criminalization of gender nonconformity, and campaigns against women’s rights. The examination is structured around particular watersheds in the history of seed-and-soil, for example, Genesis, ancient Greece, early Christianity, the medieval Church, the early modern European witch hunts, and the campaigns of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries against women’s suffrage and education. The neglected story of seed-and-soil matters to everyone who cares about gender equality and why it is taking so long to achieve.

It is no easy task to suggest strategic for reform and renewal of an institution as complex, immense and worthwhile as the American Catholic Church. Padovano nevertheless puts forward an admirable effort. Drawing upon insights gained from his contact with American Catholic across the country, Padovano reflects on the last 20 turbulent years in American in the Catholic Church. He explores questions of fidelity, loyalty and commitment, strategies for everyday life in a culture of affluence and violence, and the implications of Vatican II reforms for the Third Millennium. The essays collected inReform and Renewal bear witness to how we might be grateful for this moment, appreciate its possibilities and serve it effectively.