The transformation of average Americans’ domestic lives, revealed through the mechanical innovations and physical improvements of their homes At the turn of the nineteenth century, the average American family still lived by kerosene light, ate in the kitchen, and used an outhouse. By 1940, electric lights, dining rooms, and bathrooms were the norm as the traditional working-class home was fast becoming modern—a fact largely missing from the story of domestic innovation and improvement in twentieth-century America, where such benefits seem to count primarily among the upper classes and the post–World War II denizens of suburbia. Examining the physical evidence of America’s working-class houses, Thomas C. Hubka revises our understanding of how widespread domestic improvement transformed the lives of Americans in the modern era. His work, focused on the broad central portion of the housing population, recalibrates longstanding ideas about the nature and development of the “middle class” and its new measure of improvement, “standards of living.” In How the Working-Class Home Became Modern, 1900–1940, Hubka analyzes a period when millions of average Americans saw accelerated improvement in their housing and domestic conditions. These improvements were intertwined with the acquisition of entirely new mechanical conveniences, new types of rooms and patterns of domestic life, and such innovations—from public utilities and kitchen appliances to remodeled and multi-unit housing—are at the center of the story Hubka tells. It is a narrative, amply illustrated and finely detailed, that traces changes in household hygiene, sociability, and privacy practices that launched large portions of the working classes into the middle class—and that, in Hubka’s telling, reconfigures and enriches the standard account of the domestic transformation of the American home.

Compilation of social research papers on historical aspects of urban area housing and living conditions in respect of low income industrial workers in the UK - includes information on urbanization, the standard of living, population trends, rural migration, the construction industry, medical care, slum neighbourhoods, employment, wages and rents, etc., in london, glasgow, leeds, nottingham, birmingham, liverpool and ebbw vale. References and statistical tables.

"The book deals with the pre-industrial background in which housing problems are rooted, with the decay of towns and the unsuccessful attempts to better their condition by public health reforms, by charitable agencies and by building societies; and with legislative action in Parliament towards housing reform."--Page 4 of cover.

Built between 1921 and 1934, the London County Council's Becontree Estate was the largest public housing scheme ever undertaken in Britain, and, at the time of its planning, in the world. Using interviews with surviving tenants from the inter-year period, Dr Olechnowicz discusses the early years of the estate, looking in detail at the philosophy behind its construction and management, and showing how it eventually came to be denigrated as a social concentration camp.

This masterpiece by Engels reflects his views on the plight of labour classes in England. It is based on his in-depth research and parliamentary reports. In a factual and analytic manner he has voiced his support for fundamental human rights. It is an emphatic protest against the barbarianism of capitalism and industrialization. A prototypical opus!