This book is the most comprehensive empirical study to date of the social and technical aspects of milling during the ancient and medieval periods. Drawing on the latest archaeological evidence and historical studies, the book examines the chronological development and technical details of handmills, beast mills, watermills and windmills from the first millennium BCE to c. 1500. It discusses the many and varied uses to which mills were turned in the civilisations of Rome, China, Islam and Europe, and the many types of mill that existed. The book also includes comparative regional studies of the social and economic significance of milling, and tackles several important historiographical issues, such as whether technological stagnation was a characteristic of late Antiquity, whether there was an "industrial revolution" in the European Middle Ages based on waterpower, and how contemporary studies in the social shaping of technology can shed light on the study of pre-modern technology.

Explains The Earth Is Always Changing, How Wind And Water Can Be Useful Resources But Also Can Cause Erosion, And Discusses Weather Changes.

Explains The Earth Is Always Changing, How Wind And Water Can Be Useful Resources But Also Can Cause Erosion, And Discusses Weather Changes.

This monograph offers a comprehensive reference work for engineers, researchers and students involved in the design, testing and improvement of wind-driven water pumps. By providing a thorough treatment of the factors which affect the success of pump performance, combined with the fundamentals of machine design, this book distinguishes itself from a simple design manual, and therefore allows the reader to determine the most efficient wind-pump configuration based on their specific needs and resources. The latest international developments in wind-driven water pumping technologies, including a survey of the advantages and disadvantages of the alternative configurations to the more "standard" designs are discussed. In a field where technical information is limited, "The Fundamentals of Wind-Driven Water Pumpers" will serve as a valuable resource for the wind-engineering community. Water-pumping windmills are used in crop irrigation and water supply for livestock in various semi-arid regions

A classic collection of ponderings about maritime living for all lovers of Maine. In a series of distinguished novels Gerald Warner Brace has given us pictures of life along and near the New England coast. Between Wind and Water is the distillate of sixty years of living and cruising and sailing along the Maine coast. Each chapter deals with some phase of life on the coast, most having to do with boats or longshore work. Some are about people and their ways, others about the old life of saltwater farms, and others detail the hazards of fog and storm, the pleasures of unfamiliar waters, and the satisfaction of meeting the elements.

This volume focuses on a few renewable energy sources, viz. wind energy plus energy from water movement and natural temperature differences that in principle could provide enormous energy resources. Energy from wind has been a rapidly growing source of energy as wind turbines have grown in size and especially as wind turbines have moved offshore. Hydroelectric dams have continued to be used as energy sources particularly in developing countries. Other energy sources using water, including waves and tidal sources, are also discussed in this volume. Finally, the volume discusses differences between deep and surface ocean temperatures plus the extraction of energy from the earth's extremely large energy resource of magma deep below the surface. These latter two energy resources in particular require further development and the current book describes the latest advances coupled with pointing possible paths forward.