'Ben's book is an elegant and essential intervention in an era of enervating culture wars. It asks and answers nothing less than the most important question of our time: how can we recover the ability to talk to one another?' - Sathnam Sanghera, author of Empireland What does it mean to be fair? Why do we feel unfairness so strongly? What has happened to us today that we spend more time condemning each other's views than giving each other a fair hearing? The idea of fairness is one of the most commonly-expressed concepts, yet nobody ever stops to think what it really means. We all simply take the word 'fair' for granted. In this polemical guide to fairness, Ben Fenton explains the meaning of the word, how it fits into our genetic make-up and why we need our innate sense of fair play now more than ever. Fenton explores the idea that the unconscious procedure that humans go through in deciding fairness is the vital balancing act between competition and cooperation, the two driving forces that have made us the super-species of Planet Earth. He describes the neurology, anthropology, psychology, history and future of fairness and looks at how it affects our lives through politics, law, sex, religion, race, sport, business and even war. As a reporter of thirty years' experience, Fenton brings all his skills to bear in a lively and challenging description of the profound inner meaning of a throwaway phrase and why it matters so much to every single person in the world to seek To Be Fair. PART I – WHY SHOULD WE TRY TO BE FAIR? 1. Why You Should Read This Book 2. The Principles of Fairness 3. The Neurology and Psychology of Fairness 4. Fairness in History 5. Is Fairness a Creation of the English speaking World? (Spoiler alert: No) PART II – WHAT DOES FAIRNESS LOOK LIKE IN THE MODERN WORLD? 6. Fairness in Sport (and other forms of War) 7. Fairness in Business and Economics 8. Fairness in Law and Taxation 9. Fairness in Communication and Technology 10. Fairness in Politics and Government 11. Fairness in Human Relationships 12. Is Fair Play the Answer to the Ultimate Question?

This handbook was written and edited by a group of about 40 collaborators in a series of six book sprints that took place between 1 and 10 June 2021. It aims to support higher education institutions with the practical implementation of content relating to the FAIR principles in their curricula, while also aiding teaching by providing practical material, such as competence profiles, learning outcomes, lesson plans, and supporting information. It incorporates community feedback received during the public consultation which ran from 27 July to 12 September 2021.

Methods designed to guide the allocation of healthcare so as to maximize population health have been criticized as fundamentally unfair. In a closer analysis of this ethical critique of the use of cost-effectiveness author Daniel M. Hausman responds to the main complaints about the unfairness of cost-effectiveness, while also recognizing that there should be other factors--especially in cases of discrimination--guiding health-related treatment. Central to How Health Care Can Be Cost-Effective and Fair is whether cost-effective allocation of healthcare violates ethical constraints. Several commentators argue that using cost-effective reasoning to guide the distribution of healthcare is fundamentally unfair, not just because it does not take distribution into account, but because it fails to prioritize the severity of illness and fails to give everyone, and especially disabled people and those from historically underprivileged populations, a fair chance of being treated. While Hausman recognizes the complexity and shortcomings of cost-effective reasoning, he maintains that it should be a leading principle in the allocation of health-related resources. In Hausman's view, many values--such as compassion, freedom, respect, and solidarity should govern healthcare in addition to promoting well-being and treating individuals fairly. In its efforts to promote population health fairly, healthcare should respond to and respect individuals' values and choices.

When everyone is expected to play fair and do so – there is no problem. The problem begins with a smile and end with consequences many cannot cope with from the results of not playing fair. Not playing fair is not only unethical, immoral, and down right dirty at times, the awful thought of being cheated in some scheme or situation can bring out the most deadly thoughts if the perpetrator – does not play fair. When your ex-spouse hires someone to kill you, ask you for a swap sampling for insurance purposes, you better be alert for your life because someone is not planning on playing fair. This is just an example of not playing fair. Do you play fair all the time and not just sometimes? What about when a business partner cheats you through faulty book transcriptions? What about your spouse cheating on you? What about you were being used? What if your ex-spouse kills the children in anger? What about you were being cheated out of $50,000 at a strip club? What about your spouse lying to you that the IRS refund check never came, but you later found out that she already spent the refund? Some of the factors and lies with opinions in Not Playing Fair ... Can Be Costly!