The paper reviews the literature on the characteristics and impact of opinion leaders on the diffusion of new knowledge, concluding that there is no clear evidence on whether opinion leaders are more effective if they are similar in socioeconomic attributes to the other farmers rather than superior to would be followers. A multivariate analysis of the changes in integrated pest management knowledge in Indonesia among follower farmers over the period 1991-98 indicates that opinion leaders who are superior to followers, but not excessively so, are more effective in transmitting knowledge. Excessive socioeconomic distance is shown to reduce the effectiveness of diffusion. The paper then derives operational implications of the empirical results.

The paper reviews the literature on the characteristics and impact of opinion leaders on the diffusion of new knowledge, concluding that there is no clear evidence on whether opinion leaders are more effective if they are similar in socioeconomic attributes to the other farmers rather than superior to would be followers. A multivariate analysis of the changes in integrated pest management knowledge in Indonesia among follower farmers over the period 1991-98 indicates that opinion leaders who are superior to followers, but not excessively so, are more effective in transmitting knowledge. Excessive socioeconomic distance is shown to reduce the effectiveness of diffusion. The paper then derives operational implications of the empirical results.

The 1st Conference of Visual Art, Design, and Social Humanities (CONVASH) 2019 is a seminar in the fields of art, design and humanities held on November 2, 2019 by the Faculty of Fine Arts and Design (FSRD), Universitas Sebelas Maret in Surakarta, Indonesia. Since its establishment as a Faculty 5 years ago, The Faculty of Fine Arts and Designs has conducted 4 international conferences. The 1st CONVASH 2019 is our international conference new brand and we have a commitment to hold CONVASH annually. Conference of Visual Art, Design, and Social Humanities (CONVASH) 2019 is a tangible manifestation of FSRD's efforts to contribute to science and improve publication quality on the international level. This event is expected to bring about collaboration, scientific transfer, and publications that can contribute to the scientific fields of arts, design and humanities. The conference aims to facilitate research presentations and knowledge exchange in art, design, technology, and social humanities, as well as create academic networks among students, lecturers and researchers in the related fields. Further, this conference will bring opportunities to learn together to develop quality research in various fields, expand the collaboration networks among universities and industries, and become a forum to disseminate research and knowledge to a wider audience. The committee received more than 130 papers from the participants and based on the results of the reviews, only 96 papers were declared qualified to be presented at the seminar and subsequently published in the proceedings of CONVASH-2019 Finally, the committee congratulates and expresses gratitude to the selected participants for the participation and paper publication in the proceeding of CONVASH-2019. The committee would also like to thank all parties who have supported and actively participated for the success of this event. Hopefully this Proceeding can be used as a reference for technological development and learning improvement in the fields of education, social, arts, and humanities

Strategic management is a system of continual disequilibrium, with firms in a continual struggle for competitive advantage and relative fitness. Models that are dynamic in nature are required if we are to really understand the complex notion of sustainable competitive advantage. New tools are required to tackle challenges of how firms should compete in environments characterized by both exogeneous shocks and intense endogenous competition. Agent-based modelling of firms' strategies offers an alternative analytical approach, where individual firm or component parts of a firm are modelled, each with their own strategy. Where traditional models can assume homogeneity of actors, agent-based models simulate each firm individually. This allows experimentation of strategic moves, which is particularly important where reactions to strategic moves are non-trivial. This Element introduces agent-based models and their use within management, reviews the influential NK suite of models, and offers an agenda for the development of agent-based models in strategic management.

In today's de-layered, knowledge-intensive organizations, most work of importance is heavily reliant on informal networks of employees within organizations. However, most organizations do not know how to effectively analyze this informal structure in ways that can have a positive impact on organizational performance. Networks in the Knowledge Economy is a collection of readings on the application of social network analysis to managerial concerns. Social network analysis (SNA), a set of analytic tools that can be used to map networks of relationships, allows one to conduct very powerful assessments of information sharing within a network with relatively little effort. This approach makes the invisible web of relationships between people visible, helping managers make informed decisions for improving both their own and their group's performance. Networks in the Knowledge Economy is specifically concerned with networks inside of organizations and addresses three critical areas in the study of social networks: Social Networks as Important Individual and Organizational Assets, Social Network Implications for Knowledge Creation and Sharing, and Managerial Implications of Social Networks in Organizations. Professionals and students alike will find this book especially valuable, as it provides readings on the application of social network analysis that reflect managerial concerns.

Now in its fifth edition, Diffusion of Innovations is a classic work on the spread of new ideas. In this renowned book, Everett M. Rogers, professor and chair of the Department of Communication & Journalism at the University of New Mexico, explains how new ideas spread via communication channels over time. Such innovations are initially perceived as uncertain and even risky. To overcome this uncertainty, most people seek out others like themselves who have already adopted the new idea. Thus the diffusion process consists of a few individuals who first adopt an innovation, then spread the word among their circle of acquaintances—a process which typically takes months or years. But there are exceptions: use of the Internet in the 1990s, for example, may have spread more rapidly than any other innovation in the history of humankind. Furthermore, the Internet is changing the very nature of diffusion by decreasing the importance of physical distance between people. The fifth edition addresses the spread of the Internet, and how it has transformed the way human beings communicate and adopt new ideas.