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Excerpt from The Mechanical Engineering of Collieries, Vol. 2 of 2: 7. Haulage, 8. Pumping, 9. The Generation and Transmission of Power, 10. Coke Ovens A. - 1. At the coal face the only way of handling the tubs is by hand, the empty tub being put into the stall by a strong youth termed a putter, and when filled removed by him. If the tub is very large, or the gradient heavy, so that this work is too heavy for manual labour, a small pony is employed in charge of a youth, the operation being termed pony putting. The workings, however, are driven to avoid gradients as much as possible, and as the workings are constantly being moved forward, the road usually consists of short lengths of bridge rails about 4 ft. Long, with holes in the flanges which are nailed to cross sleepers of woodt - these latter being of larch, or fir, from 3} to 6 inches in width, and 2§ to St inches in depth. This road is led into the face, and the two front wheels Of the tub are allowed to drop over the end on to the thill or floor of the seam, which gives the extra height of the rails and sleeper between the top of the tub and roof for filling. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.