This book summarizes the vast amount of research related to teaching and learning probability that has been conducted for more than 50 years in a variety of disciplines. It begins with a synthesis of the most important probability interpretations throughout history: intuitive, classical, frequentist, subjective, logical propensity and axiomatic views. It discusses their possible applications, philosophical problems, as well as their potential and the level of interest they enjoy at different educational levels. Next, the book describes the main features of probabilistic thinking and reasoning, including the contrast to classical logic, probability language features, the role of intuitions, as well as paradoxes and the relevance of modeling. It presents an analysis of the differences between conditioning and causation, the variability expression in data as a sum of random and causal variations, as well as those of probabilistic versus statistical thinking. This is followed by an analysis of probability’s role and main presence in school curricula and an outline of the central expectations in recent curricular guidelines at the primary, secondary and high school level in several countries. This book classifies and discusses in detail the three different research periods on students’ and people’s intuitions and difficulties concerning probability: early research focused on cognitive development, a period of heuristics and biases programs, and the current period marked by a multitude of foci, approaches and theoretical frameworks.

Filled with practical learning activities to adopt within your classroom, The Learning and Teaching of Statistics and Probability places reasoning about quantities and quantification at the core of learning and teaching statistics. A companion website to this book is also available at https://neilhatfield.github.io/IMPACT_Statistics/, allowing readers to access a directory of resources – data collections and web-based applets – used in some of the instructional activities featured within this book. Through its presentation of conceptual analyses and resources for teaching with statistical data, the book’s five chapters establish key concepts and foundational ideas in statistics and probability, emphasizing the development of learner understanding and coherence, for example: Individual cases and their attributes Data collections, sub-collections, and relevant operations to quantify their attributes Samples, population, and quantifying variation Types of processes, meanings of randomness, and probability as a measure of stochastic tendency Sampling distributions and statistical inference. This highly informative yet practical book is an indispensable resource for teachers of secondary school mathematics, mathematics subject leads, and mathematics and statistics educators within the wider field of education.

Filled with practical learning activities to adopt within your classroom, The Learning and Teaching of Statistics and Probability places reasoning about quantities and quantification at the core of learning and teaching statistics. A companion web site to this book is also available at https: //neilhatfield.github.io/IMPACT_Statistics/, allowing readers to access directory of resources--data collections and web-based applets--used in some of the instructional activities featured within this book. Through its presentation of conceptual analyses and resources for teaching with statistical data, the book's five chapters establish key concepts and foundational ideas in statistics and probability, emphasising the development of learner understanding and coherence, for example: Individual cases and their attributes Data collections, sub-collections, and relevant operations to quantify their attributes Samples, population, and quantifying variation Types of processes, meanings of randomness and probability as a measure of stochastic tendency Sampling distributions and statistical inference This highly informative yet practical book is an indispensable resource for teachers of secondary school mathematics, mathematics subject leads, and mathematics and statistics educators within the wider field of education.

Teaching Statistics in School Mathematics-Challenges for Teaching and Teacher Education results from the Joint ICMI/IASE Study Teaching Statistics in School Mathematics: Challenges for Teaching and Teacher Education. Oriented to analyse the teaching of statistics in school and to recommend improvements in the training of mathematics teachers to encourage success in preparing statistically literate students, the volume provides a picture of the current situation in both the teaching of school statistics and the pre-service education of mathematics teachers. A primary goal of Teaching Statistics in School Mathematics-Challenges for Teaching and Teacher Education is to describe the essential elements of statistics, teacher’s professional knowledge and their learning experiences. Moreover, a research agenda that invites new research, while building from current knowledge, is developed. Recommendations about strategies and materials, available to train prospective teachers in university and in-service teachers who have not been adequately prepared, are also accessible to the reader.

Do you avoid teaching probability and statistics because the subjects seem confusing and complex? Are you less than sure about your knowledge of the topics? Let Chances Are . . . take you and your students on a fun and exciting mathematical journey none of you will ever forget! Filled with easy-to-understand explanations and creative activities, this book offers teachers a simple method for teaching probability and statistics in an enjoyable way. This book can serve as an introduction for any beginner, from gifted and advanced students in upper elementary school, to high school students needing enrichment or preparation for Advanced Placement Statistics or future college courses. From helping to win a card game, to making life-or-death medical decisions, the uses of probability and statistics are virtually endless. For teachers of elementary students, the book offers simple, hands-on lessons and activities about probability and basic statistics. For teachers of older students, advanced statistical concepts are discussed and activities are provided. Reviewers have found the book's level to be appropriate for a wide range of ages, from fourth graders to post-secondary students.

This book discusses conceptual and pragmatic issues in the assessment of statistical knowledge and reasoning skills among students at the college and precollege levels, and the use of assessments to improve instruction. It is designed primarily for academic audiences involved in teaching statistics and mathematics, and in teacher education and training. The book is divided in four sections: (I) Assessment goals and frameworks, (2) Assessing conceptual understanding of statistical ideas, (3) Innovative models for classroom assessments, and (4) Assessing understanding of probability.

Statistics and probability are fascinating fields, tightly interwoven with the context of the problems which have to be modelled. The authors demonstrate how investigations and experiments provide promising teaching strategies to help high-school students acquire statistical and probabilistic literacy. In the first chapter the authors put into practice the following educational principles, reflecting their views of how these subjects should be taught: a focus on the most relevant ideas and postpone extensions to later stages; illustrating the complementary/dual nature of statistical and probabilistic reasoning; utilising the potential of technology and show its limits; and reflecting on the different levels of formalisation to meet the wide variety of students’ previous knowledge, abilities, and learning types. The remaining chapters deal with exploratory data analysis, modelling information by probabilities, exploring and modelling association, and with sampling and inference. Throughout the book, a modelling view of the concepts guides the presentation. In each chapter, the development of a cluster of fundamental ideas is centred around a statistical study or a real-world problem that leads to statistical questions requiring data in order to be answered. The concepts developed are designed to lead to meaningful solutions rather than remain abstract entities. For each cluster of ideas, the authors review the relevant research on misconceptions and synthesise the results of research in order to support teaching of statistics and probability in high school. What makes this book unique is its rich source of worked-through tasks and its focus on the interrelations between teaching and empirical research on understanding statistics and probability.