Ceramics also known as fire clay is an inorganic, non-metallic solid article, which is produced by the art or technique of heat and subsequent cooling. The ceramics industry in India came into existence about a century ago and has matured over time to form an industrial base. From traditional pottery making, the industry has evolved to find its place in the market for sophisticated insulators, electronic and electrical items. The ceramic industry has been modernizing continuously, by newer innovations in product design, quality etc. Glass is an inorganic product typically produced by melting a mixture of silica, soda and calcium compound with desired metallic oxides that serves as coloring agents. Indian glass industry will increase on the sidelines of real estate growth across retail, residential and office estate. Glass production involves the fusion of several inorganic substances. These various substances include products such as silica sand, soda ash, dolomite and limestone, representing together 99% of all the raw materials, excluding recycled glass. Glass-ceramics are mostly produced in two steps: First, a glass is formed by a glass-manufacturing process. The glass is cooled down and is then reheated in a second step. In this heat treatment the glass partly crystallizes. In most cases nucleation agents are added to the base composition of the glass-ceramic. These nucleation agents aid and control the crystallization process. Glass-ceramics are fine-grained polycrystalline materials formed when glasses of suitable compositions are heat treated and thus undergo controlled crystallization to the lower energy, crystalline state. It is important to emphasize a number of points in this statement on glass ceramics.Glass ceramics has helped the electronics industry build much smaller and highly efficient transistors, leading to advances in all types of devices. The book covers almost all important aspects of Glass and Ceramic Industry: Properties, Applications, Manufacturing, Processing and Photographs of Plant &Machinery with Supplier’s Contact Details. The major contents of the book are types of glasses, silicate glasses, boric oxide and borate glasses, phosphorus pentoxide and phosphate glasses, germanium dioxide and germanate glasses, titanate glasses, nitrate glasses, glasses based on water, halide glasses, modern glass working, monax and pyrex glass, electric welding, photo electric cells, glassy metals, analysis of glass, glass ceramics, ceramics as electrical materials, analysis of ceramics etc. The book will be useful to the consultants, technocrats, research scholars, libraries and existing units and new entrepreneurswho will find a good base to work further in this field.

An updated edition of the essential guide to the technology of glass-ceramic technology Glass-ceramic materials share many properties with both glass and more traditional crystalline ceramics. The revised third edition of Glass-Ceramic Technology offers a comprehensive and updated guide to the various types of glass-ceramic materials, the methods of development, and the myriad applications for glass-ceramics. Written in an easy-to-use format, the book includes an explanation of the new generation of glass-ceramics. The updated third edition explores glass-ceramics new materials and properties and reviews the expanding regions for applying these materials. The new edition contains current information on glass/glass-ceramic forming in general and explores specific systems, crystallization mechanisms and products such as: ion exchange strengthening of glass-ceramics, glass-ceramics for mobile phones, new glass-ceramics for energy, and new glass-ceramics for optical and architectural application. It also contains a new section on dental materials and twofold controlled crystallization. This revised guide: Offers an important new section on glass/glass ceramic forming Includes the fundamentals and the application of nanotechnology as related to glass-ceramic technology Reviews the development of the various types of glass-ceramic materials Covers information on new glass-ceramics with new materials and properties and outlines the opportunities for applying these materials Written for ceramic and materials engineers, managers, and designers in the ceramic and glass industry, the third edition of Glass-Ceramic Technology features new sections on Glass/Glass-Ceramic Forming and new Glass-Ceramics as well as expanded sections on dental materials and twofold controlled crystallization.

Glass-ceramic materials share many properties with both glass and more traditional crystalline ceramics. This new edition examines the various types of glass-ceramic materials, the methods of their development, and their countless applications. With expanded sections on biomaterials and highly bioactive products (i.e., Bioglass and related glass ceramics), as well as the newest mechanisms for the development of dental ceramics and theories on the development of nano-scaled glass-ceramics, here is a must-have guide for ceramic and materials engineers, managers, and designers in the ceramic and glass industry.

Tea is one of the most popular beverages that are being consumed all over the world. Tea is known as a soothing drink and a way of life. Owing to its increasing demand, tea is considered to be one of the major components of world beverage market. Tea is very beneficial for health and is also known as anticarcinogenic properties. Green tea acts as an antiviral agent. Growing tea requires sufficient amount of work and there is additional level of work that must be incorporated to harvest it. Tea is cultivated in tropical and sub tropical regions. There are various kinds of tea such as black tea, green, oolong tea that can be obtained from real tea plant, Camellia sinensis. The making of different varieties of tea mainly depends upon plucking and rolling, spreading, storing process. The handbook describes aspects of tea cultivation, ranging from the history of old crop, machinery & equipment for various Tea, biological control, organic tea- and many more. This is a sincere attempt to open up the world of this wonderful beverage, its cultivation methods, types of tea available worldwide, manufacturing process, to the common man. Some of the fundamentals of the book are growth of tea in other countries, tea in Indian economy, biochemical constituents, pharmacological properties, selection, pollination and propagation, nutritional requirements, growth, photosynthesis and respiration, nursery management, water theory, oxidative degradation of protein, biological effect of polyphenols, analysis of tea, tea processing, green tea processing, tea bag production etc. This book will be a mile stone for its readers who are new to this sector, will also find useful for entrepreneurs, tea scientists and tea research establishments.

The steel industry has had a long history of development, yet, despite all the time that has passed, it still demonstrates all the signs of longevity. The steel industry is expanding worldwide. The economic modernization processes in these countries are driving the sharp rise in demand for steel. Rolling is a metal forming process in which metal stock is passed through a pair of rolls. Rolling is classified according to the temperature of the metal rolled. Being a core sector, steel industry reflects the overall economic growth of an economy in the long term. Also, steel demand, being derived from other sectors like automobiles, consumer durables and infrastructure, its fortune is dependent on the growth of these user industries. Steel consumption is forecast to grow annually by about 5%–6%. This handbook describes different classes of steel making processes, welding processes and plant & machinery suppliers with their photographs. Techniques of steelmaking have undergone vast changes in scale and new processes have been developed to meet the demands of speed, quantity and quality. There are various hot mills involved in the production of steel plate mill, hot strip mill, bar and rod mills etc. This handbook deliberated on the fundamental of mechanical working and its theory in a very simpler way. In addition it describes statistical methods of quality control, total quality management, quality assurance & raw material which are used in making of steel. The major contents of the handbook are fusion welding processes, grinding and abrasive processes, width change by rolling and pressing, metallurgical defects in cast slabs and hot rolled products, primary steel-making processes, optimization and control of width change process, fundamentals of metal casting, steel making technology, basic principles of width change, plate mills, hot strip mills, quality assurance, testing and inspection, bar and rod mills. It will be a standard reference book for professionals, entrepreneurs, those studying and researching in this important area and others interested in the field of steel rolling.

Soap is the traditional washing compound made from oil fats and caustic alkali. It is an item of daily necessity as cleaning agent. There are few specialty soaps like the washing soaps, castile soaps, sandal soap, specially flavored soaps, medicated soaps, toilet soaps and baby soaps. Population growth, especially households with children has a proportional impact on the growth of the manufacturing sector of the industry. The soap industry is vivacious, varied, creative and tricky, and has the prospective to provide a gratifying career. With increasing popularity there has been increase in potential competitors but it still has the opportunity of further exploitation. Today with increase in disposable incomes all around the world, demand for these products expected to increase because consumers are moving up towards premium products. With increasing awareness of hygienic standards, the market for the Soap is growing at a rate higher than 8% annually. People have become more creative in trying to find new ways in which they can make soap either for domestic use or commercial purposes. This book will provide all the basic facts and information you need to get started. You will be able to slowly build your way up to completely master the art of soap making. The book contains processes formulae, Photographs of Plant & Machinery with Supplier’s Contact Details, Addresses of Raw Material Suppliers and providing information regarding manufacturing method of different washing and toilet soaps. Some of the fundamentals of the book are raw material oil and fats, fatty acids, manufacture of soap products, technology of soap manufacturing, various formulations of soaps, soap perfumery, management of soap factories, analytical methods. This book will be a mile stone for its readers who are new to this sector, will also find useful for professionals, entrepreneurs, those studying and researching in this important area.

Phenolic resins, also known as phenol–formaldehyde resins, are synthetic polymers that are produced from the reaction of phenol or substituted phenol with formaldehyde at high temperatures. These are widely used in wood adhesives, molding compounds, and laminates. The resins are flame-retardant, demonstrate high heat resistance, high tensile strength, and low toxicity, and generate low smoke. In the report, the phenolic resins market is segmented on the basis of product type, application, and region. Phenolic Resin Market size estimated to reach at USD 19.13 billion in 2026. Alongside, the market is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 5.4% during the forecast period. The global phenolic resins market has experienced a notable growth and it has been projected that the global market will see stable growth during the forecast period. The high mechanical strengths, low toxicity, heat resistance, low smoke and other several properties has made the phenolic resins to make their use in the applications such as in laminations, wood adhesives, molding compound, construction, automobile and others. Growing demand of these applications has increased the production of phenolic resins to meet the current market demand. Also, phenolic resins is used in flame retardant which is very crucial for automobiles and aircrafts. This book basically deals with general reaction of phenols with aldehydes, the resoles, curing stages of resoles, kinetics of a stage reaction, chemistry of curing reactions, kinetics of the curing reaction, the novolacs, decomposition products of resites, acid cured resites, composition of technical resites, mechanisms of rubber vulcanization with phenolic resins, thermosetting alloy adhesives, vinyl phenolic structural adhesives, nitrile phenolic structural adhesives, phenolic resins in contact adhesives, chloroprene phenolic contact adhesives, nitrile phenolic contact adhesives, phenolic resins in pressure sensitive adhesives, rubber reinforcing resins, resorcinol formaldehyde latex systems, phenolic resin chemistry, bio-based phenolic resins, flexibilization of phenolic resins, floral foam (Phenolic Foam) with resin manufacturing, lignin-based phenol formaldehyde (LPF) resins, phenol formaldehyde resin, alkaline phenol formaldehyde resin, furfuryl alcohol phenol urea formaldehyde resin, phenol formaldehyde resin (Shell Sand Resin), phenol formaldehyde resin (Cold Box Resin), effluent treatment plant, standards and legislation, marketing of thermoset resins, process flow sheet, sample plant layout and photographs of machinery with supplier’s contact details. A total guide of phenolic resins and entrepreneurial success in one of today's most lucrative resin industry. This book is one-stop guide to one of the fastest growing sectors, where opportunities abound for manufacturers, retailers, and entrepreneurs. This is the only complete handbook on Phenolic resins.