This book reviews the many conflicting theories about human nature, those that stress our dark side, and those that emphasize our goodness. It then explores actual human behavior in societies around the world beginning with earliest and smallest known societies, foraging people such as the Kung San Pygmies, then various kinds of farming people, and finally, city dwellers. It also focuses on human behavior during the 20th Century providing detailed examples of human kindness and inhumanity. It also examines human behavior under the most terrible kind of stress imaginable--deadly, prolonged famine. How people respond to famine around the world is described with an emphasis on the killer famine that starved much of Ireland from 1845 to 1850. Many Irish people died of starvation but unlike other parts of the world where starvation led the strong to kill and eat the weak, Irish culture forbade such killing and in reality it did not take place. Finally, the book summarizes the evidence, then concludes that even though people have biological urges that lead toward anti-social behavior, human rule systems can control most of these anti-social predispositions.

Animal abuse has been an acknowledged problem for centuries, but only within the past few decades has scientific research provided evidence that the maltreatment of animals often overlaps with violence toward people. The variants of violence, including bullying or assaults in a schoolyard, child abuse in homes, violence between adult intimate partners, community hostility in our streets and neighborhoods, and even the context of war, are now the subject of concerted research efforts. Very often, the association of these forms of violence with cruelty to animals has been found. The perpetrators of such inhumane treatment are often children and adolescents. How common are these incidents? What motivates human maltreatment of animals? Are there cultural, societal, neighborhood, and family contexts that contribute to cruelty to animals? How early in a child's life does cruelty to animals emerge and are these incidents always a sign of future interpersonal violence? Are there ways of preventing such cruelty? Can we intervene effectively with children who already have a history of abuse and violence? Children and Animals: Exploring the Roots of Kindness and Cruelty presents the current scientific and professional wisdom about the relation between the maltreatment of animals and interpersonal violence directed toward other human beings. However, the author, Frank R. Ascione, a noted expert in these areas, writes in a style and presents the findings in a language that will be understandable to parents, teachers, counselors, clergy, animal welfare professionals, foster parents, mental health professionals, youth workers, law enforcement professionals, and anyone else whose work or interest crosses into the lives of children and adolescents.

This book offers a new way of understanding Catholic social ethics. The narrative expands its context backward into the pre-biblical past and outward into the social teachings of other religions and civilizations. It also tells a story that shows the continuity between the different eras of Catholic tradition, and it brings in the witness of heroic men and women to the possibility of living by our beliefs. It portrays our social ethics as a work in progress. Our beliefs have been put forward clearly by official teachers; they have been integrated, to some extent into our institutions; they need to be better explained to the world. This work is intended to give students a deeper understanding of Catholic social ethics, so that they may more effectively communicate the powerfully attractive Catholic vision of life. It may even give some of those well-versed in Catholic ethics some new insights. The author draws on his experience as a theologian, a teacher, and a pastor to present information in a readable form. Having wished such a resource were available to him as a teacher, he has taken it upon himself to write it for others.

This third edition has a title modification, in that the previous two editions were titled Multicultural Aspects of Disabilities: A Guide to Understanding and Assisting Minorities in the Rehabilitation Process. This edition is titled Multicultural Aspects of Human Behavior: A Guide to Understanding Human Cultural Development. The reason for the title modification is to expand and emphasize cultural impacts with regard to human behavior and in doing so the goal is to identify factors which impact cultural development and cultural perceptions of various groups of people such as persons with disabilities, ethnic/racial minorities, women, the elderly, as well as gays, lesbians and people of different religious denominations. Each chapter has an informative outline of the content. Chapters 1 and 2 establish the meaning of culture and understanding the human behavior. Chapter 3 addresses discrimination. Chapter 4 discusses religion. Chapters 6-9 review the African, Asian, Hispanic Americans and the American Indians. Chapter 10 presents some history of the battles women have faced throughout the years. Chapter 11 addresses the African, Asian, Hispanic American and American Indian elderly. The concluding chapter defines the gay, lesbian, transgender and bisexual people and their cultural evolution. This third edition continues the theme of providing information with regard to factors that impact the lives of racial/ethnic minorities as well as women and the elderly in America; however, the updates and addition of new chapters will make the text a more complete discussion of cultural information needed by professional helpers as they work with their clients and patients.

Questions of religious liberty have become flashpoints of controversy in virtually every area of life around the world. Despite the protection of religious liberty at both national and supranational levels, there is an increasing number of conflicts concerning the proper way to recognize it – both in modern secular states and in countries with an established religion or theocratic mode of government. This book provides an analysis of the general concept of religious liberty along with a close study of important cases that can serve as test beds for conflict resolution proposals. It combines the insights of both pure academics and experienced legal practitioners to take a fresh look at the nature, scope and limits of religious liberty. Divided into two parts, the collection presents a blend of legal and philosophical approaches, and draws on cases from a wide range of jurisdictions, including Brazil, India, Australia, the USA, the Netherlands, and Canada. Presenting a broad range of views, this often provocative volume makes for fascinating reading for academics and researchers working in the areas of law and religion, legal philosophy and human rights.

The professional helper should be a teacher, a mentor, a motivator and a guide when assisting helpees find solutions to their life situations. Most clients have within themselves the answers to most if not all of their life situations; quite often, what they need is someone to assist them in sifting through and evaluating the various possible responses for a situation. This revised and expanded new edition continues the theme of the first edition in providing a basic understanding of the various kinds of helping relationships and characteristics that an effective helper must possess. An overview of the major issues the United States has encountered, and to some degree successfully overcome with the involvement of the helping professional, is presented. Part I covers personal skills that a helper should possess such as understanding self, understanding human behavior, cultural differences, disabilities, religion, and resources. Part II discusses the impacts of the changing roles of helping professionals, roles in cultural evolution, and future challenges for helpers. Part III provides an analysis of theoretical views for helping relationships. A discussion of the theories are provided to enable helpers develop their own professional approaches to helping clients. Other topics include understanding individual and family counseling, preparing the helper to provide the best professional and ethical services possible, a sound understanding of human behavior, how to conduct the helping relationship from the standpoint of process, establishment of goals, and the implementation of these goals. The Professional Helper will be a beneficial text to all counseling students, as well as students in social work, human resources, psychology, sociology, and human relations.

Keith Otterbein, a long-time authority on anthropological studies of warfare, provides a rich synthesis of theory, literature, and findings developed by anthropologists and scholars from other disciplines. This in-depthyet conciselook at warfare opens with two well-known ethnographic examples of warring peoples: the Dani and the Yanomam. The origins and evolution of war, types of warfare, weapons and tactics, military organizations, and the social bases of war structure discussions within the text. Analyses of historical events and case studies inform readers of different perspectives about why people go to war, how societies can be identified as having war, the elements necessary for war, and how war might be avoided. Otterbein concludes the text by presenting the concept of Positive Peacepromoting peace as a goal of human existenceas a way for humans to eliminate the fatal consequences of war.