Preface p. vii Part 1 The Epistemological Foundation of Islamic Science Chapter 1 Religious Consciousness and the Scientific Spirit in Islamic Tradition p. 1 Chapter 2 The Question of Methodology in Islamic Science p. 13 Chapter 3 The Place of Doubt in Islamic Epistemology: al-Ghazzali's Philosophical Experience p. 39 Part 2 Man, Nature, and God in Islamic Science Chapter 4 The Unity of Science and Spiritual Knowledge: The Islamic Experience p. 61 Chapter 5 The Atomistic Conception of Nature in Ash'arite Theology p. 77 Chapter 6 An Introduction to the Philosophy of Islamic Medicine p. 103 Part 3 Islamic Science and the West Chapter 7 The Influence of Islamic Science on Medieval Christian Conceptions of Nature p. 131 Chapter 8 "Umar Khayyam's Criticism of Euclid's Theory of Parallels p. 157 Part 4 Islam and Modern Science Chapter 9 Islam and Bioethics p. 173 Chapter 10 Muslim Intellectual Responses to Modern Science p. 201 Chapter 11 Islam, Science and Technology: Past Glory, Present Predicaments, and The Shaping of The Future p. 227 Appendix Designing a Sound Syllabus for Courses on Philosophy of Applied and Engineering Sciences in a 21st Century Islamic University p. 243 Index.

This title was first published in 2002. This text seeks to provide the necessary background for understanding the contemporary relationship between Islam and modern science. Presenting an authentic discourse on the Islamic understanding of the physical cosmos, Muzaffar Iqbal explores God's relationship to the created world and the historical and cultural forces that have shaped and defined Muslim attitudes towards science. What was Islamic in the Islamic scientific tradition? How was it rooted in the Qur'anic worldview and whatever happened to it? These are some of the facets of this account of a tradition that spans eight centuries and covers a vast geographical region. Written from within, this ground-breaking exploration of some of the most fundamental questions in the Islam and science discourse, explores the process of appropriation and transformation of the Islamic scientific tradition in Europe during the three centuries leading up to the Scientific revolution.

The basis of Muslim philosophy and science is the instruction embedded in the Quran. At an early date this tradition was enlarged and strengthened by the infiltration into Muslim culture of Greek philosophy and science through the translation of Greek classics by Muslims. The Indian tradition of thought also made its contribution. This book traces the development and interaction of these strands in Muslim thinking. The author is concerned to show both how philosophy and science are related to specifically religious thought, and how they have made distinctive contributions to method and discovery.

Muslims Have Been Provided By Allah A Complete Code Of Conduct In The Form Of Holy Quran. In Quran There Are Two Types Of Verses I.E. Allegorial (Mutashabiat) And Categorical (Mukhamat). The Mutashabiat Verses Of Quran Are Mostly Pertaining To The Essence Of Allah And His Attributes, Predestination, Soul And Life Here After Death Etc. Etc. Since These Verses Are Outside The Purview Of Human Reasoning, Much Hair Splitting And Question Begging Has Not Been Encouraged In This Regard. Yet Many Of The Muslim Thinkers And Philosophers Have Ventured To Enter Into Detailed Discussions In These Matters.

The book describes the rise of science (and technology) in the Islamic Golden Age, examines the causes that led to its decline, reviews failed later attempts for its revival and finally discusses social and religious reformation needed for it to flourish in contemporary Muslim societies. Social reformation covers rule of law, democratic infra-structure and human-rights, while religious reformation involves the reinterpretation of scripture. It is argued that without such a social and religious reformation, Muslims (a quarter of the earth's population) will be less able to participate in the science-driven 21st century world. Note that Muslim leaders in the UK and elsewhere are not addressing the need of such an essential reformation, without which, Muslims as a people will remain in a limbo and thus continue to be vulnerable to extremist ideas. Therefore this book should be a must for all those interested in the creation of a harmonious one-world. Look at www.scienceunderislam.com for more information.