This book shows how one can combine Yang-Mills gauge symmetry and effective Einstein-Grossmann metric tensors to tackle physical problems at microscopic, macroscopic and super-macroscopic length scales. In particular, the combination of gauge symmetry and an effective metric tensor provides a framework for and leads to an alternative dynamics of cosmic expansion based on quantum Yang-Mills gravity at the super-macroscopic limit. Together with the cosmological principle, one can investigate and derive expanding scale factors, the age of the universe, the cosmic redshift, and the Hubble recession velocity. Furthermore, this framework leads to a possible explanation for the late-time accelerated cosmic expansion due to baryon masses and charges. All these discussions are based on the operationally defined space and time coordinates of inertial frames. Finally, this book expounds on the intimate relationship between space-time translation gauge symmetry and the beautiful ideas of the Lie derivative and Pauli's variation. One interesting application of the Lie derivative is to formulate a gravitational theory with an external space-time gauge group, which leads to Yang-Mills gravity.

This book shows how one can combine Yang-Mills gauge symmetry and effective Einstein-Grossmann metric tensors to tackle physical problems at microscopic, macroscopic and super-macroscopic length scales. In particular, the combination of gauge symmetry and an effective metric tensor provides a framework for and leads to an alternative dynamics of cosmic expansion based on quantum Yang-Mills gravity at the super-macroscopic limit. Together with the cosmological principle, one can investigate and derive expanding scale factors, the age of the universe, the cosmic redshift, and the Hubble recession velocity. Furthermore, this framework leads to a possible explanation for the late-time accelerated cosmic expansion due to baryon masses and charges. All these discussions are based on the operationally defined space and time coordinates of inertial frames. Finally, this book expounds on the intimate relationship between space-time translation gauge symmetry and the beautiful ideas of the Lie derivative and Pauli's variation. One interesting application of the Lie derivative is to formulate a gravitational theory with an external space-time gauge group, which leads to Yang-Mills gravity.

YangOCoMills gravity is a new theory, consistent with experiments, that brings gravity back to the arena of gauge field theory and quantum mechanics in flat space-time. It provides solutions to long-standing difficulties in physics, such as the incompatibility between Einstein''s principle of general coordinate invariance and modern schemes for a quantum mechanical description of nature, and Noether''s OCyTheorem IIOCO which showed that the principle of general coordinate invariance in general relativity leads to the failure of the law of conservation of energy. YangOCoMills gravity in flat space-time appears to be more physically coherent than conventional gravity in curved space-time. The problems of quantization of the gravitational field, the operational meaning of space-time coordinates and momenta, and the conservation of energy-momentum are all resolved in YangOCoMills gravity.The aim of this book is to provide a treatment of quantum YangOCoMills gravity, with an emphasis on the ideas and evidence that the gravitational field is the manifestation of space-time translational symmetry in flat space-time, and that there exists a fundamental space-time symmetry framework that can encompass all of physics, including gravity, for all inertial and non-inertial frames of reference.

This monograph expounds on general Yang-Mills symmetry, a new symmetry based on arbitrary vector gauge functions and Hamilton's characteristic phase functions in the gauge transformations of Abelian and non-Abelian groups. General Yang-Mills symmetry includes the conventional gauge symmetries as special cases and is useful for describing phenomena at scales ranging from the super-macroscopic such as dark matter, to the ultra-microscopic such as the quantum 3-body problem of baryons. Moreover, this symmetry supports the Broader Particle-Cosmology framework based on particle physics and quantum Yang-Mills gravity in flat space-time, which can explain why the gravitational force is always attractive. This volume also discusses how CPT invariance in particle physics suggests a 'Big Jets' model for the birth of the universe, proposing one explanation for the dearth of anti-matter in our universe. Finally, we discuss a simplified quantum shell model for N baryons with a quark Hamiltonian and a Sonine-Laguerre equation that gives reasonable eigenvalues for the energies of the 29 N baryons.

The quest for the unification of fundamental interactions has become the most challenging frontier of sciences in the 21st century. This book presents a detailed analysis and systematic investigation of the foundations of the hyperunified field theory (HUFT) in light of the path integral formulation with the least action principle. Alternative to other unification theories, the starting point of HUFT is initiated from a simple notion that the universe is made of the fundamental building block which is always moving and obeys the basic rule. Such a rule is delved into in this book by proposing the maximum locally entangled-qubits motion principle together with the scaling and gauge invariance principle. These two basic guiding principles are demonstrated to lay the foundations of HUFT, which enable enables us to discuss a series of long-standing fundamental questions, such as: why does the fundamental building block of nature appear as an entangled qubit-spinor field? what brings about the fundamental symmetry of nature? how does the inhomogeneous hyperspin gauge symmetry govern all basic forces? what is the nature of gravity and space-time? how can the space-time dimension and qubit-spinor field be categorized? why do we live in a universe with only four-dimensional space-time? why are there more than one family of leptons and quarks? how does the early universe evolve to be inflationary? what is the nature of dark matter and dark energy?Foundations of the Hyperunified Field Theory will be of great interest to graduate and senior undergraduate students, junior and senior researchers in theoretical physics, quantum field theory, particle physics, gravitational theory, cosmology, as well as mathematical physics and general physics.

This collection of papers presents ideas and problems arising over the past 100 years regarding classical and quantum gravity, gauge theories of gravity, and spacetime transformations of accelerated frames. Both Einstein's theory of gravity and the Yang-Mills theory are gauge invariant. The invariance principles in physics have transcended both kinetic and dynamic properties and are at the very heart of our understanding of the physical world. In this spirit, this book attempts to survey the development of various formulations for gravitational and Yang-Mills fields and spacetime transformations of accelerated frames, and to reveal their associated problems and limitations.The aim is to present some of the leading ideas and problems discussed by physicists and mathematicians. We highlight three aspects: formulations of gravity as a Yang-Mills field, first discussed by Utiyama; problems of gravitational theory, discussed by Feynman, Dyson and others; spacetime properties and the physics of fields and particles in accelerated frames of reference.These unfulfilled aspects of Einstein and Yang-Mills' profound thoughts present a great challenge to physicists and mathematicians in the 21st century.

This text provides a quantitative introduction to general relativity for advanced undergraduate and graduate students.