This book analyses the extent and the modalities of the securitization of asylum-seekers and refugees in the EU. It argues that the development of the EU asylum policy, far from 'securitizing' asylum-seekers and refugees, has led to the strengthening and codification of several rights for these two categories of persons. However, the securitization of terrorism and the links that have been constructed between asylum, irregular migration and terrorism in the wake of the various terrorist attacks that have taken place in Europe in the last few years have had a significant impact on the ability of asylum-seekers to gain access to asylum systems in the EU. From a theoretical point of view, the book develops an original analytical framework that draws upon and further develops security studies – more precisely securitization theory – by connecting it to the literature on policy venues and venue-shopping. It therefore makes a significant contribution to the debates on both securitization and migration. Empirically examining the entire development of the EU’s policy towards asylum-seekers and refugees, from its origins in 1993, this book will be of great interest to students of European and EU politics, refugees, migration, security, terrorism and counter-terrorism, security studies and International Relations.

This book analyses the extent and the modalities of the securitization of asylum-seekers and refugees in the EU. It argues that the development of the EU asylum policy, far from 'securitizing' asylum-seekers and refugees, has led to the strengthening and codification of several rights for these two categories of persons. However, the securitization of terrorism and the links that have been constructed between asylum, irregular migration and terrorism in the wake of the various terrorist attacks that have taken place in Europe in the last few years have had a significant impact on the ability of asylum-seekers to gain access to asylum systems in the EU. From a theoretical point of view, the book develops an original analytical framework that draws upon and further develops security studies – more precisely securitization theory – by connecting it to the literature on policy venues and venue-shopping. It therefore makes a significant contribution to the debates on both securitization and migration. Empirically examining the entire development of the EU’s policy towards asylum-seekers and refugees, from its origins in 1993, this book will be of great interest to students of European and EU politics, refugees, migration, security, terrorism and counter-terrorism, security studies and International Relations.

The act of violence of 9/11 changed the global security agenda, catapulting terrorism to the top of the agenda. Weapons of mass destruction grabbed public interest and controlling the free movement of people became a national security priority. In this volume, Jef Huysmans critically engages with theoretical developments in international relations and security studies to develop a conceptual framework for studying security. He argues that security policies and responses do not appear out of the blue, but are part of a continuous and gradual process, pre-structured by previous developments. He examines this process of securitization and explores how an issue, on the basis of the distribution and administration of fear, becomes a security policy. Huysmans then applies this theory to provide a detailed analysis of migration, asylum and refuge in the European Union. This theoretically sophisticated, yet accessible volume, makes an important contribution to the study of security, migration and European politics.

Having often been framed in terms of security concerns, migration issues have simultaneously given rise to issues of insecurity: on the one hand, security of borders, political, societal and economic security/insecurity in the host country; on the other, social, legal and economic concerns about human security, with regard to both EU citizens and migrants entering Europe. In terms of state security, migration is a core target of increasingly globally networked surveillance capabilities, whilst with respect to human security, it exposes the gap between the protections that migrants formally enjoy under international law and the realities they experience as they travel and work across different countries. Drawing on the latest research from across the EU, Security, Insecurity and Migration explores the concerns of states with regard to migration and the need to protect the fundamental rights of migrants. An interdisciplinary examination of the issues of security and insecurity raised by migration for states, their citizens and migrants themselves, this book will be of interest to scholars of politics, sociology and geography researching migration, race and ethnicity, human and state security and EU politics and policy.

The crisis of forced displacement is compounded by the politicization of asylum and refugee protection, which have become polarizing issues in many countries in Europe and in the United States. It has animated efforts by pro-refugee civil society groups to engage in advocacy efforts that respond to the securitization of the issue, reframe it as a human rights and humanitarian issue, and bring about policies that are favorable to refugee protection. The contrasting points of view surrounding refugee and asylum policy reveal a fundamental normative difference in what is considered the most appropriate standard of behavior to guide actions and policies in the wake of the European refugee crisis. This normative difference, and the contestation that it entails, represents the starting point for this study of specific strategies of norm-based change. The study focuses on civil society organizations (CSOs) and the deliberate ways they incorporate and use norms in framing and responding to the issue of refugee protection. It seeks to understand and explain how and why pro-refugee advocacy groups choose to use specific norm-based strategies of advocacy in their effort to shift public opinion on the issues of asylum and refugee protection and ultimately bring about policy change.

This six-volume book series titled “Refugee Crisis in International Politics” are prepared with the aim of clarifying the above-mentioned issues and enriching the content, context, and depth to the field of science. “States must protect all migrants against violence based on racism and xenophobia, exploitation, and forced labor. Migrants should not be detained without legitimate reasons or forcefully send back to their home country. States must take responsibility for and fulfill these responsibilities meticulously for refugees, asylum seekers and immigrants to be able to rebuild their lives safely against serious dangers. Sharing responsibility for global problems is fair in the 21st century”. İçindekiler PREFACE CHAPTER 1. THE EU REFUGEE POLICIES AND THE STATUS OF REFUGEES – Neriman Hocaoğlu Bahadır CHAPTER 2. THE EUROPEAN UNION MIGRATION POLICY: EVOLUTION THROUGH REFUGEE CRISIS – Sertif Demir CHAPTER 3. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE REFUGEE CRISIS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION – Mesut Şöhret CHAPTER 4. GENDER, MIGRATION, AND SECURITY: THE EU’S RESPONSE TO THE REFUGEE CRISIS – Ayşegül Gökalp Kutlu CHAPTER 5. RE-BORDERING EUROPE?: REFUGEES AND ‘TEMPORARY’ INTERNAL BORDER CONTROLS – Aslı Şirin and Ebru Dalğakıran CHAPTER 6. SECURITIZATION OF REFUGEE PROBLEM WITHIN EUROPEAN UNION – Mesut Şöhret CHAPTER 7. NORMATIVE ELUSIVENESS OF EUROPE IN TERMS OF REFUGEE CRISIS – Sinem Bal CHAPTER 8. REFUGEE POLICIES OF THE BALTIC COUNTRIES – Burulkan Abdibaitova Pala CHAPTER 9. A HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY ANALYSIS OF THE BRITISH IMMIGRATION POLICIES AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR SETTLEMENT AND INTEGRATION: THE CASE OF TURKISH IMMIGRANTS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM – Serkan Baykuşoglu CHAPTER 10. MIGRATION POLICY OF SPAIN – Ferda Özer CHAPTER 11. POPULISM AND REFUGEE POLICIES OF AUSTRIA – Sinem Eray CHAPTER 12. BELGIUM’S IMMIGRATION ASYLUM POLICIES IN TIMES OF CRISIS – Ebru Dalğakıran CHAPTER 13. HUNGARY’S ASYLUM POLICY BEFORE AND AFTER THE REFUGEE MOVEMENT IN 2015 – Aslı Şirin CHAPTER 14. ASYLUM POLICY OF REPUBLIC OF SERBIA: THE CASE OF THE HUMANITARIAN ROUTE – Ayşegül Bostan

This book focuses on the Mediterranean/MENA migration crisis and explores the human security implications for migrants and refugees in this troubled region. Since the Arab uprisings of 2010/2011, the Middle East and North Africa region has experienced major political transformations and called into question the legitimacy of states in the region. Displaced populations continue to suffer due to the major conflicts in Syria, Iraq and elsewhere, causing fragmentation and dis-integration of communities. Contributors to this volume analyze how and why this crisis differs significantly from previous migration/refugee flows in the region, explain the historical and political antecedents of this crisis which have played a part in its shaping, and explore the relationship between human security and the protection of vulnerable individuals and groups.