Nationally, toxicology programs have evolved from a traditional exploration of the chemistry and applied toxicity of chemicals and drugs to a more comprehensive study of toxicology and toxicology testing as independent entities. Consequently, the second edition of Principles of Toxicology Testing starts with basic toxicological principles, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of toxins, including chemicals and drugs. The book then continues with animal (in vivo) and in vitro toxicology testing methods associated with toxicological analysis and preclinical drug development. As in the first edition, the book begins with an introduction into the fundamentals of toxicology (Section I) to prepare readers for the subsequent topics and continues through with a discussion of toxicokinetics and human risk assessment. This introductory material is useful in understanding the applications of toxicology testing. Section II describes the fundamental principles of toxicology testing in animals in greater detail. This section describes acute toxicity studies as well as subchronic and chronic studies performed on animals. Special emphasis is placed on study design and determination of classical indicators for acute and chronic testing, such as the LD50. The book examines other short- and long-term animal toxicity testing methodologies, including dermal, ocular, and reproductive toxicity testing. In addition, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity studies are also discussed in separate chapters. Section III introduces and discusses in vitro alternatives to animal toxicology tests. This section emphasizes cell culture methodology and cellular methods for acute systemic toxicity, target organ toxicity, and local toxicity. The contributors present the advantages and disadvantages of alternative methods. They also describe the use of high-throughput screening and its applications, the concepts of standardization and validation of in vitro techniques (especially large, organized validation efforts currently supported by US and EU regulatory agencies), and the theories supporting the development of in vitro methodologies. This second edition is a must-read for undergraduate and graduate toxicology students. Industrial and academic research centers will also find the text useful for establishing a toxicology testing laboratory.

Nationally, toxicology programs have evolved from a traditional exploration of the chemistry and applied toxicity of chemicals and drugs to a more comprehensive study of toxicology and toxicology testing as independent entities. Consequently, the second edition of Principles of Toxicology Testing starts with basic toxicological principles, includin

The evolution of toxicology testing finds its impetus in the continuing growth of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, as well as the awareness of public health initiatives, needs, and responses that demand faster, more accurate, more economical methods for screening potential toxicity. Concurrent advances in biotechnology enable viable in vitro systems to compliment traditional animal toxicology testing methods. Today, both methods are often employed together in toxicological analysis, derivation of toxicity mechanisms, and pre-clinical drug development. Principles of Toxicology Testing juxtaposes the principles of animal toxicology testing with in vitro alternative methods to highlight the importance of each for interpretation of the significance and relevance of the other. Divided into three parts, the book emphasizes the universal applications of the field as a science rather than the particular steps of laboratory technique. The first part introduces the fundamentals of the toxicology, toxicokinetics, and human risk assessment. The second part details toxicology testing in animals and describes acute, subchronic, and chronic studies as well as testing for mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Focusing on study design and determination of classical indicators, it covers short and long term methodologies including dermal, ocular, and reproductive. Presenting the advantages and disadvantages of each method, part three introduces in vitro alternative testing such as cell cultures, cellular methods for acute systemic toxicity, as well as target organ and local toxicity. The author also considers contemporary issues such as chemical exposure, high throughput screening, and the efforts of US and E.U. regulatory agencies to standardize and validate in vitro techniques. By bringing traditional and alternative testing methods into a single volume, Principles of Toxicology Testing challenges you to interpret the significance of toxicology testing results and construct a logical approach toward the ultimate purpose of testing.

Designed to aid toxicology testing study design, this text provides data on issues such as species selection, dose level and dosing regimes, animal models, routes of exposure, statistical evaluation, data interpretation, fulfillment of regulatory requirements, and adherence to good laboratory practices.

Different from other books, this unique volume presents basic toxicology principles and applications in a sophisticated yet nontechnical style. It provides an understanding of both the strengths and limitations of the discipline of toxicology and its benefits. This primer is valuable for virtually any non-toxicologist.