This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Algorithmic Learning Theory, ALT'99, held in Tokyo, Japan, in December 1999. The 26 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 51 submissions. Also included are three invited papers. The papers are organized in sections on Learning Dimension, Inductive Inference, Inductive Logic Programming, PAC Learning, Mathematical Tools for Learning, Learning Recursive Functions, Query Learning and On-Line Learning.

Machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) are powerful tools that create predictive models, extract information, and help make complex decisions. They do this by examining an enormous quantity of labeled training data to find patterns too complex for human observation. However, in many real-world applications, well-labeled data can be difficult, expensive, or even impossible to obtain. In some cases, such as when identifying rare objects like new archeological sites or secret enemy military facilities in satellite images, acquiring labels could require months of trained human observers at incredible expense. Other times, as when attempting to predict disease infection during a pandemic such as COVID-19, reliable true labels may be nearly impossible to obtain early on due to lack of testing equipment or other factors. In that scenario, identifying even a small amount of truly negative data may be impossible due to the high false negative rate of available tests. In such problems, it is possible to label a small subset of data as belonging to the class of interest though it is impractical to manually label all data not of interest. We are left with a small set of positive labeled data and a large set of unknown and unlabeled data. Readers will explore this Positive and Unlabeled learning (PU learning) problem in depth. The book rigorously defines the PU learning problem, discusses several common assumptions that are frequently made about the problem and their implications, and considers how to evaluate solutions for this problem before describing several of the most popular algorithms to solve this problem. It explores several uses for PU learning including applications in biological/medical, business, security, and signal processing. This book also provides high-level summaries of several related learning problems such as one-class classification, anomaly detection, and noisy learning and their relation to PU learning.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th European Conference on Machine Learning, ECML 2005, jointly held with PKDD 2005 in Porto, Portugal, in October 2005. The 40 revised full papers and 32 revised short papers presented together with abstracts of 6 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 335 papers submitted to ECML and 30 papers submitted to both, ECML and PKDD. The papers present a wealth of new results in the area and address all current issues in machine learning.

Semi-supervised learning is a learning paradigm concerned with the study of how computers and natural systems such as humans learn in the presence of both labeled and unlabeled data. Traditionally, learning has been studied either in the unsupervised paradigm (e.g., clustering, outlier detection) where all the data are unlabeled, or in the supervised paradigm (e.g., classification, regression) where all the data are labeled. The goal of semi-supervised learning is to understand how combining labeled and unlabeled data may change the learning behavior, and design algorithms that take advantage of such a combination. Semi-supervised learning is of great interest in machine learning and data mining because it can use readily available unlabeled data to improve supervised learning tasks when the labeled data are scarce or expensive. Semi-supervised learning also shows potential as a quantitative tool to understand human category learning, where most of the input is self-evidently unlabeled. In this introductory book, we present some popular semi-supervised learning models, including self-training, mixture models, co-training and multiview learning, graph-based methods, and semi-supervised support vector machines. For each model, we discuss its basic mathematical formulation. The success of semi-supervised learning depends critically on some underlying assumptions. We emphasize the assumptions made by each model and give counterexamples when appropriate to demonstrate the limitations of the different models. In addition, we discuss semi-supervised learning for cognitive psychology. Finally, we give a computational learning theoretic perspective on semi-supervised learning, and we conclude the book with a brief discussion of open questions in the field. Table of Contents: Introduction to Statistical Machine Learning / Overview of Semi-Supervised Learning / Mixture Models and EM / Co-Training / Graph-Based Semi-Supervised Learning / Semi-Supervised Support Vector Machines / Human Semi-Supervised Learning / Theory and Outlook

This book presents recent machine learning paradigms and advances in learning analytics, an emerging research discipline concerned with the collection, advanced processing, and extraction of useful information from both educators’ and learners’ data with the goal of improving education and learning systems. In this context, internationally respected researchers present various aspects of learning analytics and selected application areas, including: • Using learning analytics to measure student engagement, to quantify the learning experience and to facilitate self-regulation; • Using learning analytics to predict student performance; • Using learning analytics to create learning materials and educational courses; and • Using learning analytics as a tool to support learners and educators in synchronous and asynchronous eLearning. The book offers a valuable asset for professors, researchers, scientists, engineers and students of all disciplines. Extensive bibliographies at the end of each chapter guide readers to probe further into their application areas of interest.

This two-volume set, LNCS 12565 and 12566, constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Machine Learning, Optimization, and Data Science, LOD 2020, held in Siena, Italy, in July 2020. The total of 116 full papers presented in this two-volume post-conference proceedings set was carefully reviewed and selected from 209 submissions. These research articles were written by leading scientists in the fields of machine learning, artificial intelligence, reinforcement learning, computational optimization, and data science presenting a substantial array of ideas, technologies, algorithms, methods, and applications.

This book presents the recent research adoption of a variety of enabling wireless communication technologies like RFID tags, BLE, ZigBee, etc., and embedded sensor and actuator nodes, and various protocols like CoAP, MQTT, DNS, etc., that has made Internet of things (IoT) to step out of its infancy to become smart things. Now, smart sensors can collaborate directly with the machine without human involvement to automate decision making or to control a task. Smart technologies including green electronics, green radios, fuzzy neural approaches, and intelligent signal processing techniques play important roles in the developments of the wearable healthcare systems. In the proceedings of 5th International Conference on Internet of Things and Connected Technologies (ICIoTCT), 2020, brought out research works on the advances in the Internet of things (IoT) and connected technologies (various protocols, standards, etc.). This conference aimed at providing a forum to discuss the recent advances in enabling technologies and applications for IoT.