This book presents the conceptual framework underlying the fifth cycle of PISA, which covers reading, science and this year's focus: mathematical literacy, along with problem solving and financial literacy.

This book presents the conceptual framework underlying the fifth cycle of PISA, which covers reading, science and this year's focus: mathematical literacy, along with problem solving and financial literacy.

What is important for citizens to know and be able to do? The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) seeks to answer that question through the most comprehensive and rigorous international assessment of student knowledge and skills.

“What is important for citizens to know and be able to do?” The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) seeks to answer that question through the most comprehensive and rigorous international assessment of student knowledge and skills.

This fourth volume of PISA 2012 results examines how student performance is associated with various characteristics of individual schools and school systems.

This report presents the conceptual foundations of the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), now in its seventh cycle of comprehensive and rigorous international surveys of student knowledge, skills and well-being. Like previous cycles, the 2018 assessment covered reading, mathematics and science, with the major focus this cycle on reading literacy, plus an evaluation of students’ global competence – their ability to understand and appreciate the perspectives and world views of others. Financial literacy was also offered as an optional assessment.

This second volume of PISA 2012 results defines and measures equity in education and analyses how equity in education has evolved across countries between PISA 2003 and 2012.