Relates To Islamization Starting From Zia In Pakistan, Its Effect On The Army, Pakistan`S Foreign Policy In Relation To Kashmir And Nepal. Has 4 Appendices Concerning Mushraf`S Interviews With Asian Age, The Guardian, His Press Conference, Associate Press Of Pakistan News Summary.

This Book Is A Penetrating Analysis Of Unity Among Muslim Countries In General And Pakistan, Libya And The Sudan (Three Muslim Countries) In Particular. It Covers The Role Of Islam And Organisation Of Islamic Conference (Oic) In Their Bi-Lateral Relations. The Present Study Includes How The Ties Of These Countries With The U.S.A. And The U.S.S.R. Effected Their Bi-Lateral Relations.

Among U.S. allies in the war against terrorism, Pakistan cannot be easily characterized as either friend or foe. Nuclear-armed Pakistan is an important center of radical Islamic ideas and groups. Since 9/11, the selective cooperation of president General Pervez Musharraf in sharing intelligence with the United States and apprehending al Qaeda members has led to the assumption that Pakistan might be ready to give up its longstanding ties with radical Islam. But Pakistan's status as an Islamic ideological state is closely linked with the Pakistani elite's worldview and the praetorian ambitions of its military. This book analyzes the origins of the relationships between Islamist groups and Pakistan's military, and explores the nation's quest for identity and security. Tracing how the military has sought U.S. support by making itself useful for concerns of the moment—while continuing to strengthen the mosque-military alliance within Pakistan—Haqqani offers an alternative view of political developments since the country's independence in 1947.

Abstract: This dissertation investigates the underlying principles of Pakistan's foreign policy from 1947 until the present day. It shows how fear and insecurity vis-à-vis 'Hindu' India was at the heart of Pakistan's ideology-based identity. Right from its inception as a separate state Pakistan's foreign policy focused on 'seeking parity' with India and 'escaping' from an Indian South Asian identity. An ideology-based Islamic Pakistani identity was crafted in order to counter the existential threat from India and to foster an identity separate from the common civilizational identity shared by Hindus and Muslims in the sub-continent. That emphasis on ideology subsumed the ethnic and linguistic differences within Pakistan. The assertion of an Islamic Middle Eastern identity also played a vital role in constructing a separate Pakistani identity. The desire to achieve panty with a much larger neighbor, India, led Pakistan to seek the assistance and support of allies. Pakistan's relationship with the United States has been based on Pakistani hope that American aid -- both military and economic -- would bolster Pakistan's meager resources in countering Indian economic and military might. Often disillusioned by the Americans, Pakistan's rulers came to see China as the ideal ally: one who has an antagonistic relationship with 'Hindu' India and who is powerful enough to aid Pakistan, both economically and militarily. Perceiving a perennial threat on its eastern frontier with India, Pakistan sought support and strength on its western border from fellow Muslim country, Afghanistan. However, a disputed border with that country, Pashtun irredentism that spilled over that border, and closer ties between Afghanistan and India led Pakistan to fear encirclement by its two neighbors. Over the decades, therefore, Pakistan developed diplomatic, economic and military ties with countries in the greater Muslim world, especially the Arab Middle East. At the center of these relationships is the strong belief held by a succession of Pakistani governments that only ideologically similar countries will prove to be Pakistan's longterm allies in its conflict with Hindu India.