One need only remember the role of Jacques Louis David in the French Revolution of 1789 and the quasi-official status of art in French national history to understand the prominence of art and artists in the Fädäration des Artistes of the Paris Commune of 1871. Focusing on artists' political activities rather than their artistic efforts, Gonzalo J. S¾nchez Jr. examines the artists' assembly formed in the Commune, recounts the program and activities of the group and its members, and charts their fate after the fall of the Commune and during the ensuing repression of the Communards. ø Departing from the tradition established by Karl Marx, which views the Commune as a precursor of revolutionary socialism, the author portrays the artists' federation as a complex mixture of conservative and reformist elements, situated at a historical crossroads. These artists?including Gustave Courbet, Jules Häreau, Edouard Lockroy, Jules Dalou, and Läon and August Ottins?were part of a tradition of artists' assemblies dating to 1789 even as they argued for radical change in artists' social status and autonomy. Many of the reforms they advocated were realized during the Third Republic, making the federation a social and political, if not an aesthetic, precursor of modernism.

Guidance that can boost your child's organization and lower your frustration. It includes specific activities for your child's age and developmental level to improve executive function.

The book explores how various social settings are partially organized even when they do not form part of a formal organization. It also shows how even formal organizations may be only partially organized. Professors Göran Ahrne and Nils Brunsson first established the concept of partial organization in 2011 and in doing so opened up a ground-breaking new field of organizational analysis. An academic community has since developed around the concept, and Ahrne and Brunsson have edited this collection to reflect the current state of inquiry in this burgeoning subject and to set an agenda for future research. Its chapters explain how organization is a salient feature in many social settings, including markets, interfirm networks, social movements, criminal gangs, internet communication and family life. Organization theory is much more relevant for the understanding of social processes than previously assumed. This book provides a new understanding of many social phenomena and opens up new fields for organizational analysis.

Provides graphic organizers to help students get the most out of independent reading.