Non-nucleonic degrees of freedom in the nucleus must be understood in the nucleonic framework of nucleus in relation with the structure of the nucleons from which mesons are emitted to link the nucleons, and with isobars, mesonic exchange currents, and underlying conservation laws. This topical volume sheds light on these highly exciting non-nucleonic effects extracted as the result of interplay among the constituents including quarks, and on the limit of applicability of various conservation laws.

This second open access volume of the handbook series deals with detectors, large experimental facilities and data handling, both for accelerator and non-accelerator based experiments. It also covers applications in medicine and life sciences. A joint CERN-Springer initiative, the "Particle Physics Reference Library" provides revised and updated contributions based on previously published material in the well-known Landolt-Boernstein series on particle physics, accelerators and detectors (volumes 21A, B1,B2,C), which took stock of the field approximately one decade ago. Central to this new initiative is publication under full open access