Is your memory hierarchy stopping your microprocessor from performing at the high level it should be? Memory Systems: Cache, DRAM, Disk shows you how to resolve this problem. The book tells you everything you need to know about the logical design and operation, physical design and operation, performance characteristics and resulting design trade-offs, and the energy consumption of modern memory hierarchies. You learn how to to tackle the challenging optimization problems that result from the side-effects that can appear at any point in the entire hierarchy.As a result you will be able to design and emulate the entire memory hierarchy. Understand all levels of the system hierarchy -Xcache, DRAM, and disk. Evaluate the system-level effects of all design choices. Model performance and energy consumption for each component in the memory hierarchy.

Assembled by the prominent psychologists Daniel Schacter and Endel Tulving, the contributions in "Memory Systems 1994" focus on the nature and number of memory systems in humans and animals. Together they present ideas from cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, and neuroscience in a review of intriguing experimental outcomes at the cutting edge of this domain, grappling, often passionately, with the behavioral and neuroanatomical composition of memory systems and subsystems. Chapters are revised versions of contributions that appeared in a special issue of the Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. This book includes an integrated discussion of and cross-commentary on the earlier contributions. "A Bradford Book"

Current theories about human memory have been shaped by clinical observations and animal experiments. This doctrine holds that the medial temporal lobe subserves one memory system for explicit or declarative memories, while the basal ganglia subserves a separate memory system for implicit or procedural memories, including habits. Cortical areas outside the medial temporal lobe are said to function in perception, motor control, attention, or other aspects of executive function, but not in memory. 'The Evolution of Memory Systems' advances dramatically different ideas on all counts. It proposes that several memory systems arose during evolution and that they did so for the same general reason: to transcend problems and exploit opportunities encountered by specific ancestors at particular times and places in the distant past. Instead of classifying cortical areas in terms of mutually exclusive perception, executive, or memory functions, the authors show that all cortical areas contribute to memory and that they do so in their own ways-using specialized neural representations. The book also presents a proposal on the evolution of explicit memory. According to this idea, explicit (declarative) memory depends on interactions between a phylogenetically ancient navigation system and a representational system that evolved in humans to represent one's self and others. As a result, people embed representations of themselves into the events they experience and the facts they learn, which leads to the perception of participating in events and knowing facts. 'The Evolution of Memory Systems' is an important new work for students and researchers in neuroscience, psychology, and biology.

A collection of works reflects the vision of dreamers who have despaired of attaining their ideals, from baseball players and laborers to a surrealist priest and a group of college boys at a burlesque theater. By the author of The Art of the Lathe. Winner of the National Book Critics Circle Award. Reprint.

The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brainâ€"an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€"and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€"what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€"and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€"and many scientists as wellâ€"with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain."

We are pleased to present this collection of papers from the Second Workshop on Intelligent Memory Systems. Increasing die densities and inter chip communication costs continue to fuel interest in intelligent memory systems. Since the First Workshop on Mixing Logic and DRAM in 1997, technologies and systems for computation in memory have developed quickly. The focus of this workshop was to bring together researchers from academia and industry to discuss recent progress and future goals. The program committee selected 8 papers and 6 poster session abstracts from 29 submissions for inclusion in the workshop. Four to five members of the program committee reviewed each submission and their reviews were used to numerically rank them and guide the selection process. We believe that the resulting program is of the highest quality and interest possible. The selected papers cover a wide range of research topics such as circuit technology, processor and memory system architecture, compilers, operating systems, and applications. They also present a mix of mature projects, work in progress, and new research ideas. The workshop also included two invited talks. Dr. Subramanian Iyer (IBM Microelectronics) provided an overview of embedded memory technology and its potential. Dr. Mark Snir (IBM Research) presented the Blue Gene, an aggressive supercomputer system based on intelligent memory technology.

Memory Systems and Pipelined Processors