"The purpose of this work is to provide a comprehensive atlas of the rhesus monkey brain based on state-of-the-art MRI. It offers three-dimensional coverage at high isotropic spatial resolution and with contrasts which are compatible with human MRI studies. The work further includes advanced techniques such as magnetic resonance angiography and diffusion tensor imaging which may be exploited for a visualization of the intracranial vasculature and the virtual reconstruction of nerve fiber tracts, respectively. This MRI atlas is expected to serve ... as a reference source for easy identification of anatomical structures in the rhesus monkey brain. All cross-sectional images are presented in a stereotaxic coordinate system that is defined in accordance with internal brain structures rather than outer landmarks of the head or skull. Because the atlas entirely focuses on in vivo MRI, the resolution does not reach a microscopic scale similar to histology"--Introduction, p. 9.

A Combined MRI and Histology Atlas of the Rhesus Monkey Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, Second Edition maps the detailed architectonic subdivisions of the cortical and subcortical areas in the macaque monkey brain using high-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) images and the corresponding histology sections in the same animal. This edition of the atlas is unlike anything else available as it includes the detailed cyto- and chemoarchitectonic delineations of the brain areas in all three planes of sections (horizontal, coronal, and sagittal) that are derived from the same animal. This is a significant progress because in functional imaging studies, such as fMRI, both the horizontal and sagittal planes of sections are often the preferred planes given that multiple functionally active regions can be visualized simultaneously in a single horizontal or sagittal section. This combined MRI and histology atlas is designed to provide an easy-to-use reference for anatomical and physiological studies in macaque monkeys, and in functional-imaging studies in human and non-human primates using fMRI and PET. The first rhesus monkey brain atlas with horizontal, coronal, and sagittal planes of sections, derived from the same animal Shows the first detailed delineations of the cortical and subcortical areas in horizontal, coronal, and sagittal plane of sections in the same animal using different staining methods Horizonal series illustrates the dorsoventral extent of the left hemisphere in 47 horizontal MRI and photomicrographic sections matched with 47 detailed diagrams (Chapter 3) Coronal series presents the full rostrocaudal extent of the right hemisphere in 76 coronal MRI and photomicrographic sections, with 76 corresponding drawings (Chapter 4) Sagittal series shows the complete mediolateral extent of the left hemisphere in 30 sagittal MRI sections, with 30 corresponding drawings (Chapter 5). The sagittal series also illustrates the location of different fiber tracts in the white matter Individual variability - provides selected cortical and subcortical areas in three-dimensional MRI (horizontal, coronal, and sagittal MRI planes). For comparison, it also provides similar areas in coronal MRI section in six other monkeys. (Chapter 6) Vasculature - indicates the corresponding location of all major blood vessels in horizontal, coronal, and sagittal series of sections Provides updated information on the cortical and subcortical areas, such as architectonic areas and nomenclature, with references, in chapter 2 Provides the sterotaxic grid derived from the in-vivo MR image

Paxinos and Petrides' The Rhesus Monkey Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates is the most comprehensive and accurate atlas of the monkey brain currently available. The fourth edition of this classic book will be a complete revision, featuring many improvements and upgrades. Containing coronal diagrams and accompanying photographic plates spaced at 120 μm intervals, this atlas follows the same nomenclature and abbreviations conventions as the mouse, rat, chicken, and human brain atlases published under George Paxinos’ leadership. This atlas is suitable for researchers who work with both monkeys and humans. Constructed by the established leaders in neuroanatomical atlas development, the new edition will again be the indispensable resource for all scientists working on the primate nervous system. 141 completely revised coronal diagrams and accompanying colour photographic plates spaced at approximately 120 μm intervals 60 colour photographic coronal plates of SMI immunoreactivity with completely revised delineations Includes MR images at approximately the same levels as the coronal diagrams Follows the same nomenclature and abbreviations as the mouse, rat, chicken, marmoset and human brain atlases, with indications of correspondence to alternative macaque nomenclatures This atlas was used for the delineation and nomenclature of MRI-based macaque brain atlases for neuroimaging analyses, including the SARM

This open access book summarizes the multi-disciplinary results of one of China’s main primatological research projects on the endemic Tibetan macaque (Macaca thibetana), which had continued for over 30 years, but which had never been reported on systematically. Dedicated to this exceptional Old World monkey, this book makes the work of Chinese primatologists on the social behavior, cooperation, culture, cognition, group dynamics, and emerging technologies in primate research accessible to the international scientific community. One of the most impressive Asian monkeys, and the largest member of its genus, the Tibetan macaque deserves to be better known. This volume goes a long way towards bringing this species into the spotlight with many excellent behavioral analyses from the field. - Frans de Waal, Professor of Psychology, Emory University, USA. Macaques matter. To understand primate patterns and trends, and to gain important insight into humanity, we need to augment and expand our engagement with the most successful and widespread primate genus aside from Homo. This volume focuses on the Tibetan macaque, a fascinating species with much to tell us about social behavior, physiology, complexity and the macaque knack for interfacing with humans. This book is doubly important for primatology in that beyond containing core information on this macaque species, it also reflects an effective integrated collaboration between Chinese scholars and a range of international colleagues—exactly the type of collaborative engagement primatology needs. This volume is a critical contribution to a global primatology. - Agustín Fuentes, Professor of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, USA. I have many fond memories of my association with Mt. Huangshan research beginning in 1983, when together with Professor Qishan Wang we established this site. It is such a beautiful place and I miss it. It is gratifying to see how far research has progressed since we began work there, becoming more internationalized and very much a collaborative endeavor under the long-term direction of Professor Jin-Hua Li and colleagues. This book highlights the increased interest in this species, representing a variety of disciplines ranging from macro aspects of behavior, cognition and sociality, to micro aspects of microbes, parasites and disease, authored by a group of renowned Chinese and international primatologists. I applaud their efforts and expect more interesting work to come from this site in the years ahead. - Kazuo Wada, Professor Emeritus, Kyoto University, Japan.

The primate brain undergoes significant maturational processes after birth, resulting in substantial growth. The expansion of the brain reflects underlying cellular changes that create a more complex and efficient neural network. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can document growth in vivo, which relates to the cellular level processes. Normative imaging studies of postnatal brain development in non-human primates are scarce and were conducted with subjects that were raised in laboratory environments. To enrich our understanding of the postnatal brain maturation, a group of naturalistically-reared rhesus macaques (Macaca mullata) was imaged longitudinally over the first year of life. Subsequent analyses of the MRI demonstrated global and local maturational properties. Brain volume increased to near adult size by one year of age, which was described by a logarithmic growth curve. Male and female brains had similar growth trajectories though males had larger brains from birth. Weight gain significantly predicted variation in the growth curve; more rapid weight gain was associated with greater postnatal growth of the brain regardless of initial brain size. Maturation within the brain was asynchronous and generally progressed from posterior to anterior regions. Apparent myelination and lobar size reached an adult-like state earlier in the occipital, parietal and frontal motor areas than prefrontal and temporal areas. At one year of age, the amygdala and hippocampus were larger in males compared to females; sexual dimorphism in these structures was proportional to the whole brain size variation. Hemispheric asymmetry was also evaluated at one year. The cerebrum showed a slight leftward asymmetry, which was also observed in the hippocampus. On average, the amygdala appeared to be symmetric, but there was substantial individual variation in asymmetry values. This study showed some of the common features of normal rhesus macaque brain development from birth to juvenile stage of maturation. The patterns seen by MRI can be correlated with the extensive neuroanatomical work in this species in order to hypothesize what cellular level changes cause the macroscopic growth. This study stands as the first longitudinal MRI dataset of naturalistically-reared rhesus macaques, which serves as a model of early postnatal brain development in the primate.