International and Life Course Aspects of COVID-19 describes the nuances and international variations of COVID-19 in different populations and age groups. This volume details those differences in chapters examining the effects of the virus at different life stages, including newborns, children, adolescents, and older populations. Consideration of the age-specific effects of COVID-19 on the brain are a major focus unique to this resource. International observations and global outcomes are also described. This volume is relevant for all clinicians working to ensure the best outcomes for patients with COVID-19 worldwide. Examines COVID-19 symptoms and concerns according to age Discusses outcomes related to global populations and differences observed in symptomatology and care Focuses on the brain, with a look at developmental changes in pregnancy, newborns, childhood, and adolescence Describes mental health impacts in the older populations Features individual chapter introductions and summaries to provide a comprehensive introduction Contains chapters with key facts, dictionary of terms, summary points, applications to other areas pertinent to each chapter, and policies and procedures

From reviews of the previous edition:'We still have much to learn if disease patterns are to be explained by taking a life course approach... this book provides strong arguments for this approach... the book is a highly qualified starting point for the debate... it will remain a useful summary of pioneer research of huge potential importance for public health.' -Epidemiology'This is not just another epidemiology textbook. It is essential reading for anyone with an active mind who is interested in public health.' -Journal of Public Health Medicine'A truly exciting and extremely informative endeavour for anyone interested in the determinants of human health and disease. This discussion is at the core of current public health issues.' -European Journal of Public Health'The conclusion is of major importance to public health policy. It reinforces the need for a life course strategy, with attention being paid to the mother, baby, child adolescent, and elderly person.' -BMJ'Provokes thought about the origins of chronic diseases, suggests new approaches to identifying particular susceptible individuals and encourages the identification of optimal points in the life course for possible preventive interventions.' -Chronic Diseases in CanadaThe first edition in 1997 of A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology became a classic text for epidemiological and public health researchers interested in the childhood origins of adult chronic disease. Since then the new field of life course epidemiology has expanded rapidly, attracting the interest not only of academics across the health and social sciences but also policy makers, funding bodies, and the general public. Its purpose is to study how biological and social factors during gestation, childhood, adolescence and earlier adult life independently, cumulatively and interactively influence later life health and disease.Contributors to this fully revised second edition capture the excitement of the developing field and assess the latest evidence regarding sources of risk to health across the life course and across generations. The original chapters on life course influences on cardiovascular disease, diabetes, blood pressure, respiratory disease and cancer have been updated and extended. New chapters on life course influences on obesity, biological ageing and neuropsychiatric disorders have been added. Life course explanations for disease trends and for socioeconomic differentials in disease risk are given more attention in this new edition, reflecting recent developments in the field. The section on policy implications has been expanded, assessing the role of interventions to improve childhood social circumstances, as well as interventions to improve early growth. Emerging new research themes and the theoretical and methodological challenges facing life course epidemiology are highlighted.Readership: Epidemiologists, public health researchers, public health policy makers for developed and developing countries, sociologists and biologists, psychiatrists and social and chronic disease epidemiologists

Linking Neuroscience and Behavior in COVID-19 examines the impact of the virus and pandemic on behavior and mental health. Chapters look at those with pre-existing conditions, including dementia and multiple sclerosis, and how the pandemic has burdened them further. There is also discussion on the mental health consequences the pandemic has had and continues to have on the broad populace, including depression and anxiety, as well as neurological effects of the virus itself. Finally, managing care and treatment of conditions - those preceding, caused by, or emerging for the first time during the pandemic are also detailed. Discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the virus itself on behavior and psychology Examines comorbidities including Parkinson’s disease, neuroinflammation, and autism spectrum disorders Outlines the management and care for coexisting conditions including brain tumors, multiple sclerosis, and ischemic stroke Features chapters on the severe damage to the nervous system which may be caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection including myelitis Contains chapters with key facts, dictionary of terms, summary points, applications to other areas pertinent to each chapter, and policies and procedures

Features, Transmission, Detection, and Case Studies in COVID-19 examines the effects of the virus on the body, as well as its transmission and clinical profile. This volume begins with an introduction to the virus and its pathogenesis, transmission, and avoidance, followed by sections on pulmonary and cardiovascular effects, obesity, diabetes, the liver, detection issues, and biomarkers. Vaccines and treatment are also discussed. Specific case studies covered include hypoxia, acute kidney injury, pneumonia, and neurological effects. This volume is relevant for all clinicians and scientists working to ensure the best outcomes for patients with COVID-19. Discusses COVID-19 biology, including pathogenesis and transmission Describes systemic issues caused by COVID-19, including cardiovascular effects and loss of taste and smell Outlines detection methods, biomarkers associated with severity, and disease outcomes Features individual chapter introductions, summaries, and case studies to provide comprehensive descriptions of COVID-19 symptoms and effects Contains chapters with key facts, dictionary of terms, summary points, applications to other areas pertinent to each chapter, and policies and procedures

This volume uses case studies and students' lived experiences to document the impacts of coronavirus (COVID-19) on international students and explore future challenges and opportunities for student mobility within higher education. Responding to the growing need for new insights and perspectives to improve higher education policy and practice in the era of COVID-19, this text analyses the changing roles and responsibilities of institutions and international education leaders post-2020. Initial chapters highlight key issues for students that have arisen as a result of the global health crisis such as learning, well-being, and the changed emotional, legal, and financial implications of study abroad. Subsequent chapters confront potential longer-term implications of students’ experiences during COVID-19, and provide critical reflection on internationalization and the opportunities that COVID-19 has presented for tertiary education systems around the world to learn from one another. This timely volume will benefit researchers, academics, and educators with an interest in online teaching and e-learning, curriculum design, and more specifically those involved with international and comparative education. Those involved with educational policy and practice, specifically related to pandemic education, will also benefit from this volume.

Drawing upon perspectives from across the globe and employing an interdisciplinary life course approach, this handbook explores the production and reproduction of different types of inequality across a variety of social contexts. Inequalities are not static, easily measurable, and essentially quantifiable circumstances of life. They are processes which impact on individuals throughout the life course, interacting with each other, accumulating, attenuating, reproducing, or distorting themselves along the way. The chapters in this handbook examine various types of inequality, such as economic, gender, racial, and ethnic inequalities, and analyse how these inequalities manifest themselves within different aspects of society, including health, education, and the family, at multiple levels and dimensions. The handbook also tackles the global COVID-19 pandemic and its striking impact on the production and intensification of inequalities. The interdisciplinary life course approach utilised in this handbook combines quantitative and qualitative methods to bridge the gap between theory and practice and offer strategies and principles for identifying and tackling issues of inequality. This book will be indispensable for students and researchers as well as activists and policy makers interested in understanding and eradicating the processes of production, reproduction, and perpetuation of inequalities.

This book discusses the contested issue of how different kinds of special educational support in Norway, such as placement in special classes or use of teacher assistants, prepare Special Educational Need (SEN) students for further education and adult life. This is done by following former students categorized as having special educational needs for twenty years, from the start of the upper secondary school until their mid-thirties. Different choices and the adjustments and active adaptations young people make throughout their lives is a recurring theme, focusing on education, work, family, mental health, and social networks. The authors in this volume analyze and critically discuss topics around competence attainment in upper secondary school and higher education, employment, public support in adult life, mental health, social exclusion and isolation, and data-mediated networks. It concludes how the experiences from school time have affected the adaptation in later adulthood, and provides an answer to whether the assistive measures have benefits. What are the consequences in the short and long run? A central explanatory tension is between disabled students and disabling schools. We trace consequences – possibly non-intended – for the former SEN students due to the stigmatization effect of receiving special educational help in a vulnerable phase of life. The authors interpret results within a framework of life course approaches and disability theories. The perspectives introduced in the book are of interest for researchers and academics in the social sciences, such as sociology, special education, and social work.