A fresh compilation of essays and entries based on the latest research, this work documents African American culture and political activism from the slavery era through the 20th century. Encyclopedia of African American History introduces readers to the significant people, events, sociopolitical movements, and ideas that have shaped African American life from earliest contact between African peoples and Europeans through the late 20th century. This encyclopedia places the African American experience in the context of the entire African diaspora, with entries organized in sections on African/European contact and enslavement, culture, resistance and identity during enslavement, political activism from the Revolutionary War to Southern emancipation, political activism from Reconstruction to the modern Civil Rights movement, black nationalism and urbanization, and Pan-Africanism and contemporary black America. Based on the latest scholarship and engagingly written, there is no better go-to reference for exploring the history of African Americans and their distinctive impact on American society, politics, business, literature, art, food, clothing, music, language, and technology.

Inspiring African American Women of Virginia was written to provide readers with a variety of ethic women from various eras in our countries history. It captivates the reader and pulls them into the lives of women who were not just faced with the obstacle of race but gender. It also reveals how they overcame their obstacles to achieve international acclaim. From Missy Elliott and Roberta Flack to Maggie Walker and Nannie Boroughs, you'll be surprised at how each of these women are connected to Virginia. Enjoy!!

This third volume of the Pan-African Chronology set covers 1914 through 1929, a time of two seminal events: World War I and the Black Awakening. In World War I, people of African descent fought for both sides, earning distinction on the battlefields of France as well as in the jungles and deserts of Africa. The "Black Awakening," a period from 1919 through 1929, marked the dawning of global awareness of the contributions of African people to the culture of the world. The book is arranged by year and events of each year are grouped by region. It also has two special biographical divisions for W.E.B. DuBois and Marcus Garvey.

Hurston was renowned for her portrayal of assertive women in her fiction, folklore, and drama. This book explores her development as an assertive woman and outspoken writer, emphasizing the impact of the African American oral traditions and vernacular speech patterns of Harlem, Polk County, and her hometown of Eatonville, Florida on the development of her personal and artistic voice. The study traces the development of her assertive women characters, the emphasis upon verbal performance and verbal empowerment, the significance of down home Southern humor, and the importance of an ideology of assertive individualism in Hurston's writings and analyzes changes in Hurston's personal style. Hurston articulated an assertive spirit and voice that had a profound influence on the development of her professional reputation and on the course of African American literature, folklore, and culture of the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s. This study combines literary criticism and biography in tracing her often controversial career. This wide-ranging book focuses upon links between Hurston's fiction and nonfiction, and includes analysis of her plays, which have often been neglected in studies of her writing.(Ph.D. dissertation, State University of New York-Buffalo, 1989; revised with new introduction)

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