The European Union (EU) is a continuously evolving entity. Starting with six member states in the late 1950s, the EU currently encompasses fifteen states of Western Europe. It is expected to almost double in size in the near future, however, taking in a number of states located in Central and Eastern Europe, in addition to Cyprus and Malta. This dramatic increase has lead to an intensive debate on how the institutions of the EU should be adapted in order to cope with this growth. This book addresses the challenges that EU enlargement and institutional change imply for various policy fields, such as EU trade policy, agriculture and monetary policy in the framework of European economic and monetary union. It will be of interest to economists and political scientists seeking an up-to-date overview of institutional challenges facing the European Union

Flexible Integration is a model of reform designed to overcome the current stalemate between federalists and anti-federalists. It introduces more flexibility to accommodate the heterogeneous interests in Europe without risking the gains achieved through past integration. Flexible integration combines firm commitment by all members to a supranational common baseincluding a well-defined set of competences related to the Single Market - with optional integration in other areas through open partnerships.

The Constitutional Framework for Enhanced Cooperation in EU Law analyses the primary-law framework of the flexibility tool of “enhanced cooperation”. Against the background of recent Member State practice, Robert Böttner redefines its constitutional rules and draws conclusions on its potential for European integration.

The seventh edition of The Economics of European Integration provides students with an accessible presentation of the facts, theories and controversies that are driving rapid change at the heart of Europe. This new edition covers crucial updates on the impact of Brexit and Covid-19 and offers an expert analysis of the contemporary status of integration within the European Union. Key Features and Updates •Wide range of learning features including boxed examples and illustrations, end of chapter summaries, self-assessment questions and essay questions. •Fully updated to include new discussions and examples such as the new budget which has significant implications on European bonds, immigration, and climate change. •Two new chapters highlighting the impact of both Brexit and Covid-19 on the EU. •An Online Learning Centre with Lecture Outlines, PowerPoint Presentations, and an Image Library. Richard Baldwin is Professor of International Economics at the Graduate Institute, Geneva, having been a visiting professor at Oxford and MIT. He is Editor-in-Chief and founder of VoxEU.org since 2007 and he advises governments around the world on globalisation and integration issues having served in the Bush (Sr) White House in 1990-91. Charles Wyplosz is Professor Emeritus of International Economics at the Graduate Institute in Geneva where he also served as Director of the International Centre for Money and Banking Studies. He is a Fellow of CEPR and of the European Economic Association, as well as a Founding Managing Editor of the Economic Policy journal.

This book examines the relationship between flexible regional economic integration in the East African Community (EAC), through its application of variable geometry, and the establishment of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) as a continent-wide form of integration. It uses a historical, political, legal and economic analysis of the processes that led to the adoption of flexible regional integration in Africa, with particular regard to the EAC. This takes place in the inescapable context of pan-Africanism, showing how regional integration efforts in Africa are based on pan-Africanist ideals, and how an evolution of these ideals has led to an evolution in the goals of integration. With growing awareness of the weaknesses and impracticality of consensus-based decision-making on a global level, it makes the case for the pursuit of flexibility in multilateral trade, drawing lessons from the experience of the AfCFTA and blocs in other regions. This book is a historical evaluation of regional economic integration efforts in Africa and it follows the path of attempts to integrate the economies on the continent from colonial times to the birth of the AfCFTA. While it is a study in law, it relies heavily on politics, economics and history to weave together a more complete theory of economic integration based on the African experience. Flexible Regional Economic Integration in Africa was awarded the 2020 SIEL–Hart Prize in International Economic Law.