Native Americans long resisted Western medicine—but had less power to resist the threat posed by Western diseases. And so, as the Office of Indian Affairs reluctantly entered the business of health and medicine, Native peoples reluctantly began to allow Western medicine into their communities. Fighting Invisible Enemies traces this transition among inhabitants of the Mission Indian Agency of Southern California from the late nineteenth through the mid-twentieth century. What historian Clifford E. Trafzer describes is not so much a transition from one practice to another as a gradual incorporation of Western medicine into Indian medical practices. Melding indigenous and medical history specific to Southern California, his book combines statistical information and documents from the federal government with the oral narratives of several tribes. Many of these oral histories—detailing traditional beliefs about disease causation, medical practices, and treatment—are unique to this work, the product of the author’s close and trusted relationships with tribal elders. Trafzer examines the years of interaction that transpired before Native people allowed elements of Western medicine and health care into their lives, homes, and communities. Among the factors he cites as impelling the change were settler-borne diseases, the negative effects of federal Indian policies, and the sincere desire of both Indians and agency doctors and nurses to combat the spread of disease. Here we see how, unlike many encounters between Indians and non-Indians in Southern California, this cooperative effort proved positive and constructive, resulting in fewer deaths from infectious diseases, especially tuberculosis. The first study of its kind, Trafzer’s work fills gaps in Native American, medical, and Southern California history. It informs our understanding of the working relationship between indigenous and Western medical traditions and practices as it continues to develop today.

As you journey through life you will discover that the invisible world is the real world and this physical world only manifests some of the things in the invisible world. Just as you have visible enemies, you also have invisible enemies. Can you fight your enemy without knowing him, his strategies, his style and his weapons? This book is an essential tool for your life’s journey. In this book you will learn who your invisible enemies are, the root of their existence, their characteristics and how to win the fight against them. May this precious book help you to overcome your invisible enemies!

All the basic themes necessary to take the reader on a trek of discovery into New Testament deliverance ministry, illustrated with an abundance of testimonies.

As you journey through life you will discover that the invisible world is the real world and this physical world only manifests some of the things in the invisible world. Just as you have visible enemies, you also have invisible enemies. Can you fight your enemy without knowing him, his strategies, his style and his weapons? This book is an essential tool for your life's journey. In this book you will learn who your invisible enemies are, the root of their existence, their characteristics and how to win the fight against them. May this precious book help you to overcome your invisible enemies!

As a child, I thought war was just a game. As I grew up, I found out that war is very real and its effects devastating. I was taught ("conditioned") to believe that war is necessary, and grew up believing this. Now that I'm an adult, I'm interested in understanding what causes war and what each of us can do to end it. This book is intended to help you understand conditioning, because I think that what we call "conditioning" is the main cause of conflict - inside us as tension, fear, hate and anger, and outside as war. If we can become aware of how we are "conditioned" in our day-to-day life, then we can understand how such conditioning can lead to world conflict. Conditioning, and what causes it, is the "invisible enemy" because it is often unseen, hidden. The usual approach to dealing with this "enemy" is to fight it which just makes the situation worse. However, if you can understand conditioning, you can be free of it.

Native Americans long resisted Western medicine—but had less power to resist the threat posed by Western diseases. And so, as the Office of Indian Affairs reluctantly entered the business of health and medicine, Native peoples reluctantly began to allow Western medicine into their communities. Fighting Invisible Enemies traces this transition among inhabitants of the Mission Indian Agency of Southern California from the late nineteenth through the mid-twentieth century. What historian Clifford E. Trafzer describes is not so much a transition from one practice to another as a gradual incorporation of Western medicine into Indian medical practices. Melding indigenous and medical history specific to Southern California, his book combines statistical information and documents from the federal government with the oral narratives of several tribes. Many of these oral histories—detailing traditional beliefs about disease causation, medical practices, and treatment—are unique to this work, the product of the author’s close and trusted relationships with tribal elders. Trafzer examines the years of interaction that transpired before Native people allowed elements of Western medicine and health care into their lives, homes, and communities. Among the factors he cites as impelling the change were settler-borne diseases, the negative effects of federal Indian policies, and the sincere desire of both Indians and agency doctors and nurses to combat the spread of disease. Here we see how, unlike many encounters between Indians and non-Indians in Southern California, this cooperative effort proved positive and constructive, resulting in fewer deaths from infectious diseases, especially tuberculosis. The first study of its kind, Trafzer’s work fills gaps in Native American, medical, and Southern California history. It informs our understanding of the working relationship between indigenous and Western medical traditions and practices as it continues to develop today.

A timely, sharply-curated book on modern pandemics. Fully illustrated, bite-sized stories to engage young readers to face new challenges head-on.