Government investments in social sector has always played an important role in tackling social issues and facilitated in the alleviation of poverty. Hence, budgetary expenditure to be mobilized for such investments needs to be efficiently allocated and utilized to maximize the greatest good. This book focuses on the social sector in India and provides an overview of the sector. The book looks at 15 major Indian states between the year 2000-2011 to see how these states had invested in social sector and whether they had met the criteria of efficient social sector investment. Using stochastic frontier models, the book provides an efficiency norm and making use of this normative estimate, it compares performance across 15 Indian states and suggests important policy implications to improve the future performance of the social sector. The book adopts various quantitative techniques in the analysis and establishes that inefficient and inappropriate allocation of inputs was made in both health and education sectors. The book suggests that such problems and future challenges could be overcome by an appropriate mix of emphasis in different activities. This book will provide insight for those who want to learn more about how to build the capacity of the social sector in more efficient manner by exploring the social sector of India.

As education and health are two major areas of concern in the context of social sector development and human development achievements, this book explores their situation in India. The liberalisation of the Indian economy had a major impact on the growth rate of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP), with the economic growth of the country jumping from the so-called Hindu growth rate of 3.5% to 8–9% per annum. The literacy rate increased to 74.04% in 2011 from 12% in 1947, while the universalization of elementary education has been achieved to a great extent, and dropout rates have decreased. However, despite considerable progress, exclusions and wide disparities still exist. Combining access with affordability and ensuring quality with good governance and adequate finance are still of great concern. On the health front, significant achievements have also been made, with a number of diseases eradicated or on the verge of elimination. There has been a substantial drop in the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR), and life expectancy has increased from 36.7 years in 1951 to 67.14 in 2011. The crude birth rate has been reduced from 40.8 in 1951 to 20.6 in 2012, and the crude death rate from 25.1 to 7.43 in the same period. These achievements are impressive, but at the same time our failures appear even more glaring. As such, this volume brings together contributions from eminent Indian scholars on a range of social issues, including linkages between growth, poverty and the social sector; the efficiency of social sector spending in India; disparity in health statuses; IPR protection in health innovations; pollution and health; the universalisation of elementary education; problems faced at the higher levels of education; and issues of child labour.

This book explores the intersectional perspective of sustainable social development in key sectors, such as education and skill development, health and nutrition, gender concerns, and food security and agriculture in India. It delves into contemporary concerns of poverty, employment and inclusive growth, and social marginalisation and inequality. The volume brings together the contributions of various stakeholders from academia, research organisations, NGOs and policymakers to address social-sector issues and sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the Indian context. It reflects on policies, strategies and performance in the context of Constitutional goals and the commitment to global SDGs and examines the character and contours of social development in the country. Comprehensive and topical, this volume will be useful to scholars, researchers, policymakers and practitioners of development studies, political studies, sociology and development economics.

This book deals with the repercussions of economic reform on the social sector in India. This has been an issue of debate in all countries of South Asia, which are characterised by a large population of poor, illiterate, and malnourished. Studying the two states of Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu, the book features analysis conducted both at the macro and micro levels, including centre, state, district, village and household level data. Divided into four parts, the chapters covers . The setting within which the analysis is conducted . The structural conditions governing social policy at the all-India and state-level prior to economic reform . The post-reform period, including a review of economic conditions and social sector expenditure at the level of the union government, the two states, and the districts . A detailed picture of the infrastructure of the selected villages in the two states

This volume explores the impact of good governance upon social sectors’ development in India and other selected economies of the world. Economic development in the true sense depends on the development of different social sectors like education, healthcare, gender equality, etc., as well as economic factors. Good governance makes the sectors perform well on the one hand, and helps in economic growth and development on the other. Conversely, bad or weak governance in the form of corruption and low effectiveness of the governments, may lead to poor performance of the sectors, and low growth and backwardness of the economies. This book explores the associations between different social sectors’ performances with quality of governance, and growth and development of different economies and groups in detail and establishes theoretical and empirical examinations for the individual economies and groups from the different corners of the globe with the help of new theories and latest data. This book will be useful for students and researchers in the fields of Economics, Sociology, Political Studies, Public Finance, International Relations, Social Sciences as well as policy makers and think tanks.

Social Sector Development and Inclusive Growth in India examines whether growth strategies based on the human development approach render growth inclusive. This comprehensive study considers all components of the social sector in aggregate and also covers both the financial and physical aspects.