Doors are more than a physical means to close off an entrance or an exit; they can also indicate a boundary between two worlds. This volume considers the Memphite Necropoleis during the Old Kingdom, and proposes that porticos, false doors, niches and mastaba chapel entrances are interconnected in their function as a barrier between two worlds.

The new full-colour Rough Guide to Egypt is the definitive guide to this amazing country, whose ancient civilization still fascinates today. But there's more to Egypt than just pyramids and temples. The Red Sea offers some of the world's finest diving, a few hours by air from Europe. There are awesome dunes and lush oases to explore in its deserts, and fantastic bazaars and mosques in the capital, Cairo. Detailed accounts of every attraction, along with crystal-clear maps and plans, make it easy to access anything from remote oases to nightlife that only locals know. You'll find lavish photography and colour maps throughout, along with insider tips on how to get the best out of Luxor's temples or Sinai's beach resorts. At every point, the Rough Guide steers you to the best hotels, cafés, restaurants and shops across every price range, giving you balanced reviews and honest, first-hand opinions. Make the most of your time with The Rough Guide to Egypt. Now available in PDF format.

What is presented here is a preliminary crystallization of thinking about questions, problems, and aspects that presented themselves during research into the iconography of Old Kingdom elite tombs in the so-called Leiden Mastaba Project (LMP), started in 1980 for teaching advanced students. Since the Egyptian culture has been given shape mainly in connection with the residences of the kings, the elite tombs of the Memphite area only were incorporated into the database. The original paper database consists of individual files on each tomb, giving a plan, wall scheme, a concise description of each sub-theme and its accompanying texts (if present). For details on the set-up, the original questions, the intention and some preliminary results on the partially collected material in 1985, see Van Walsem, Mastaba project. The core of this essay is a combination of and an elaboration of two former lectures by the author entitled: "Some un(der)exposed aspects in the study and interpretation of mastaba scenes" and "Religious iconography of Ancient Egypt: methodological and theoretical problems".

In Three Hundred Years of Death: The Egyptian Funerary Industry in the Ptolemaic Period, Maria Cannata discusses how necropolises and funerary priests, as well as the mummification, funeral, burial, and the deceased’s mortuary cult, were organised in Ptolemaic Egypt.

In The Decoration on the Cult Chapel Walls of the Old Kingdom Tombs at Giza Leo Roeten presents a method that evaluates the degree of interaction between the various decoration themes that are placed on the western wall of the cult chapels at the tombs of Giza. Diagrams resulting from that method show that during the 5th dynasty the focus of the mode of food supply for the ka of the deceased changed from primarily active to primarily magical. On the other walls of the chapel this change not only led to the loss of some secondary cultic functions like the inviting and guiding functions, but also to an increasing focus on scenes from the daily life of the tomb owner.

This volume describes the tomb of Tia who married a sister of Ramesses II. Investigated as part of the joint EES and Leiden initiative to recover the lost history of Memphis, it emerges as one of the most important funerary monuments of its period, and the first royal tomb of the New Kingdom. Comprehensive description and illustrations in both drawing and photograph.