A well-illustrated and comprehensive analysis of the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, this book covers current treatment options and guidelines, whilst also providing a detailed discussion of emerging therapeutic targets. Existing therapeutic options are covered in depth, with a major focus on anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs and sustained release corticosteroids, including a review of trial results supporting current treatment guidelines. The use of agents off-label is also discussed. Controversial topics are discussed in detail with an emphasis on helping the reader make informed decisions, particularly when treating patients for which several treatment approaches may be appropriate because trial data does not clearly define the best option. Emerging therapeutic areas are evaluated, as work continues to identify agents that produce superior morphologic responses and visual acuity gains by targeting other molecules that contribute to diabetic retinopathy. Promising new drugs, targets and delivery systems are identified, and their development analysed.

The incidence of diabetes is increasing worldwide at an alarming rate, and diabetic retinopathy is one of the most significant complications of diabetes. Packed with outstanding retinal photos, the second edition of this one-stop clinical manual offers a comprehensive overview of the diagnosis, treatment and long–term management of patients with diabetic eye disease. Edited and authored by world-renowned experts from leading centres of excellence, A Practical Manual of Diabetic Retinopathy Management presents evidence-based guidance relevant for a global audience of health-care professionals, including diabetologists, ophthalmologists, retinal screeners, optometrists, ophthalmic nurses, GPs, and medical students.

Contains information from the Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research network not to be found in other published works Evidence-based approach includes material labeled with level of supporting evidence and many clinical examples Includes discussions of area of controversy

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common microvascular complication, has consistently been shown to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This book provides complete coverage of DR as a potential marker for CVD in those with diabetes. It succinctly reviews the epidemiological and pathogenic links of DR to various cardiovascular events including stroke, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, and mortality. Furthermore, it discusses the usefulness of DR in CVD risk prediction and cardiovascular safety of anti-VEGF therapy in diabetic patients. There are insights from contemporary diabetic trials that demonstrated the enhanced cardiovascular benefit of novel glucose lowering therapy. It also highlights the potential of novel retinal imaging to predict CVD and its risk factors using the state-of-the art artificial intelligence-based deep learning systems. This book will be an invaluable resource for specialists translating research findings into clinical care, including those in cardiology, endocrinology, ophthalmology, and general practitioners. IT will also be of interest to public health practitioners, researchers, graduate students, and biotech companies interested in developing retinal image-based diagnostic and prognostic tools.

The use of pharmacotherapeutics in the management of retinal diseases is rapidly evolving, and a favorable therapy for the patient. Today anti-VEGF agents are used for a range of indications from inflammation-related choroidal neovascularization to macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion or diabetic retinopathy. Beyond VEGF, there is an array of target areas under investigation – not only for vascular pathologies such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic eye disease, but also for degenerative, infectious and inflammatory retinal conditions. This publication discusses many aspects from basic research on the retina, to animal models for retinal drug delivery, retinal diseases that are amenable to pharmacotherapy and also drugs and mechanisms in retinal diseases. Anyone concerned with the management of retinal diseases - the general ophthalmologist and the retina specialist alike – will find this book indispensable reading.

This book provides a concise overview over the pathology of retinal angiogenic diseases and explains why anti-angiogenic therapy is effective in so many patients. The reader is guided through the various clinical indications for anti-angiogenic therapy and made aware of its merits as well as current challenges and limitations. It is explained how, since its introduction for the treatment of exudative age-related macular degeneration in 2006, anti-angiogenic therapy has revolutionized the way in which we treat a range of ocular diseases. All of the authors are established experts in their respective fields who share their extensive knowledge and clinical experience with the reader. This book is both a valuable introduction to anti-angiogenic therapy in ophthalmology and a day-to-day companion for all ophthalmologists seeing patients with some of the most prevalent retinal diseases.

This book explains how to use intravitreal steroids optimally in the management of patients with intraocular inflammation (uveitis) and macular edema. The rationale for this treatment approach is first explained by examining the pathophysiology of these disease entities, with particular attention to the major role of inflammatory processes. Devices for the delivery of steroids to the eye are discussed, and guidance provided on the role of imaging studies before, during, and after steroid therapy. The value of different steroidal approaches is then considered in detail. Other topics addressed include the use of steroids as a surgical adjunct and within a combination strategy. Uveitis and macular edema are common sight-threatening diseases or complications of diabetes and retinal vein occlusion for which no adequate treatment was available until recently. Both trainees and practitioners will find Intravitreal Steroids to be an invaluable aid in combating these blinding diseases.