Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Other, grade: 1,0, University of Göttingen (Seminar für Englische Philologie), course: Semantics and Pragmatics II: Coherence, language: English, abstract: In contrast to logical fallacies, which are independent of content, fallacies of content usually require specific factual knowledge to be revealed. They are not faulty because of their structure, but on account of their questionable content. The following term paper will be concerned with a piece of argumentative prose, which shall be analyzed for the various fallacies based on Patrick J. Hurley's A Concise Introduction To Logic. The major focus therefore shall be on the detection of fallacies of content. First, I am going to discuss in detail which kind of factual knowledge has led me to diagnose the fallacies that appear in the text. Secondly, I will explain why an uniformed reader might fall victim to the claims in my chosen text. ... 3. Dedected fallacies in Bush`s speech 3.1 Appeal to pity Bush starts off his speech with an appeal to pity by asking for the UN's sympathy. He reminds them "to remember the innocent lives taken that terrible morning "being killed by the terrorist attack from 9/11. As a conclusion he poses that they have to "turn to the urgent duty of protecting other lives, without illusion and without fear." So Bush attempts to support a conclusion, war against Iraq, by evoking pity through reminding his audience of the terrible terrorist attacks from 9/11. He claerly uses the appeal to pity since the declaring of war on Iraq has nothing to do with the great losses the USA had to endure on 9/11. And therefore it does not become clear why the United Nations have to take immediate steps against Iraq. The appeal to pity fallacy which is committed by Bush is shown in the following illustration: 2

Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Other, grade: 1,0, University of Göttingen (Seminar für Englische Philologie), course: Semantics and Pragmatics II: Coherence, language: English, abstract: In contrast to logical fallacies, which are independent of content, fallacies of content usually require specific factual knowledge to be revealed. They are not faulty because of their structure, but on account of their questionable content. The following term paper will be concerned with a piece of argumentative prose, which shall be analyzed for the various fallacies based on Patrick J. Hurley's A Concise Introduction To Logic. The major focus therefore shall be on the detection of fallacies of content. First, I am going to discuss in detail which kind of factual knowledge has led me to diagnose the fallacies that appear in the text. Secondly, I will explain why an uniformed reader might fall victim to the claims in my chosen text. ... 3. Dedected fallacies in Bush`s speech 3.1 Appeal to pity Bush starts off his speech with an appeal to pity by asking for the UN's sympathy. He reminds them “to remember the innocent lives taken that terrible morning “being killed by the terrorist attack from 9/11. As a conclusion he poses that they have to “turn to the urgent duty of protecting other lives, without illusion and without fear.“ So Bush attempts to support a conclusion, war against Iraq, by evoking pity through reminding his audience of the terrible terrorist attacks from 9/11. He claerly uses the appeal to pity since the declaring of war on Iraq has nothing to do with the great losses the USA had to endure on 9/11. And therefore it does not become clear why the United Nations have to take immediate steps against Iraq. The appeal to pity fallacy which is committed by Bush is shown in the following illustration: 2

Written by two of the leading experts in the field, this introductory text presents critical thinking as a process for taking charge of and responsibility for one’s thinking. Based in theory developed over the last 30 years, Richard Paul and Linda Elder's text focuses on an integrated, comprehensive concept of critical thinking that is both substantive and practical. It fosters the development of basic intellectual skills students need to think through content in any class, subject, or discipline, as well as through any problem or issue they face. Simply stated, this text offers students the intellectual tools students need for lifelong learning, and rational, conscientious living. Now available from Rowman & Littlefield, the third edition features streamlined chapters, Think for Yourself activities, and a complete glossary of critical thinking terms. The Foundation for Critical Thinking continually offers new supplementary resources on its website (www.CriticalThinking.org) and online critical thinking community.

""What makes this book unique is the basic structure: Descriptive or historical chapters, followed by discussions of strategies and tactics of political communication in numerous contexts.""

"I used to lose every argument, then I read this book and now I win them all! It's that good.""This is a tremendous book, and I should know - I have a PhD.""Most of the other books on logical fallacies are written by Americans, so they can't be any good."These made up quotes are all logical fallacies - the kinds of common errors in reasoning that we all make from time to time. Fallacious Trump: The Donald J. Trump Guide to Logical Fallacies describes many common logical fallacies, explains why they are invalid, and helps you to spot them in your own arguments as well as other people's.Every fallacy is illustrated with real-life examples drawn from the tweets, speeches and interviews of the King of Logical Fallacies, Donald J. Trump.Fallacies contained in the book include:Ad HominemStraw ManPost Hoc Ergo Propter HocArgument from PopularityTexas SharpshooterCherry PickingEquivocationTu QuoqueRed HerringArgument from IgnoranceHasty GeneralizationBegging the QuestionGenetic FallacyPoisoning the WellMoving the GoalpostsSlippery SlopeArgument from Personal IncredulityNon-Sequiturand many more!

The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report, published by the U.S. Government and the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission in early 2011, is the official government report on the United States financial collapse and the review of major financial institutions that bankrupted and failed, or would have without help from the government. The commission and the report were implemented after Congress passed an act in 2009 to review and prevent fraudulent activity. The report details, among other things, the periods before, during, and after the crisis, what led up to it, and analyses of subprime mortgage lending, credit expansion and banking policies, the collapse of companies like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and the federal bailouts of Lehman and AIG. It also discusses the aftermath of the fallout and our current state. This report should be of interest to anyone concerned about the financial situation in the U.S. and around the world.THE FINANCIAL CRISIS INQUIRY COMMISSION is an independent, bi-partisan, government-appointed panel of 10 people that was created to "examine the causes, domestic and global, of the current financial and economic crisis in the United States." It was established as part of the Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009. The commission consisted of private citizens with expertise in economics and finance, banking, housing, market regulation, and consumer protection. They examined and reported on "the collapse of major financial institutions that failed or would have failed if not for exceptional assistance from the government."News Dissector DANNY SCHECHTER is a journalist, blogger and filmmaker. He has been reporting on economic crises since the 1980's when he was with ABC News. His film In Debt We Trust warned of the economic meltdown in 2006. He has since written three books on the subject including Plunder: Investigating Our Economic Calamity (Cosimo Books, 2008), and The Crime Of Our Time: Why Wall Street Is Not Too Big to Jail (Disinfo Books, 2011), a companion to his latest film Plunder The Crime Of Our Time. He can be reached online at www.newsdissector.com.

The Thinker’s Guide to Fallacies introduces the concept of mental trickery and shows readers how to discern and see through forty-four different types of fallacies. Focusing on how human self-deception and manipulation lie behind fallacies, this guide builds reasoning skills and promotes fairminded, logical thought, discussions, and debate. As part of the Thinker’s Guide Library, this book advances the mission of the Foundation for Critical Thinking to promote fair-minded critical societies through cultivating essential intellectual abilities and virtues across every field of study across world.