Part 1: Summary of research results; Part 2: Mixture design method, construction guidelines, and quality control/quality assurance procedures

This synthesis report will be of interest to state, local, and federal agency pavement materials, design, and construction engineers, as well as pavement research engineers and scientists. Those with supervisory oversight for pavement programs will also find it of interest. It describes the current practice for methods to achieve rut-resistant durable pavements. The synthesis documents current experience with permanent deformation of asphalt pavements and identifies methods to improve performance. Information for the synthesis was collected by surveying U.S. and Canadian transportation agencies and by conducting a literature search using domestic and international sources. This report of the Transportation Research Board describes the extent of the rutting problem on the National Highway System, pavement mixture design issues, and the design of rut-resistant mixtures. In addition, alternate mixture types, including stone matrix asphalt and porous asphalt, are discussed, as well as international approaches to mixture design. Finally, the construction of rut-resistant mixtures, including the role of quality control and quality assurance methods, are discussed. A summary of permanent deformation causes and solutions is included in the appendix.

In the years since the development and subsequent success of Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA), a plethora of articles have emerged, scattered throughout various publications. The time is right for a comprehensive resource that collects, examines, and organizes this information and makes it easily accessible. A compilation and distillation of the latest k

SMA is a gap-graded mix filled with a rich asphalt-fines mastic developed in Europe. In 1991 five states constructed trial sections to determine if satisfactory mixes could be produced in the United States with current materials and high rates of production. This report discusses Virginia's first section, placed in 1992 near Lynchburg. During construction, better equipment was necessary to control the amount of fines contained in SMA mixes. Lack of control in the mix gradation caused variability on the roadway and on routine mix tests conducted during construction. The mix containing the cellulose fiber, Arbocel, has rotted more at stop-lights than the mix containing the polymer, Vestoplast, or the high-stability control mix. However, all mixes continue to perform well. Laboratory creep tests and gyratory shear tests predicted that the control mix and Vestoplast mix would be more resistant to rutting and consolidation under traffic. This investigation and work in other states have improved the current Virginia specification for SMA. The gradation was coarsened, a stiffer asphalt cement was required, and plant equipment that can adequately handle the aggregates was used. With these changes, future installations will perform better than the current dense graded mixes.

This is the first ever text-cum-reference book in India on “Bituminous Road Construction”. It includes references to the codes and specifications of the Indian Roads Congress and the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), besides the international standards such as ASTM and AASHTO. This book provides a thorough knowledge of bituminous road construction such as bitumen; aggregate; mix design; special mixes such as stone matrix asphalt and warm mix asphalt; structural design of flexible pavements; asphalt production and construction; distresses in asphalt pavements; maintenance and rehabilitation of asphalt pavements including recycling; and interesting investigations of premature failure of asphalt pavements across the world. It includes a large number of photographs for easy comprehension of the subject matter. This book has been designed to serve as a text for the undergraduate and postgraduate students of Civil Engineering for the courses on: Highway Materials including Testing Laboratory; Asphalt Mix Design; Highway Construction and Maintenance; Highway Pavement Failures; and Design of Flexible Pavements. Cutting-edge technology on bituminous road constructions, included in the book, helps M.Tech and Ph.D. students in conducting research in this field. Since over 95% of highways have bituminous surface, this book is also an ideal reference for thousands of practicing highway engineers who are engaged in the most ambitious highway construction programme ever in India. Highlights of the Second Edition: • Incorporates cutting-edge technology on the topics covered • Includes new sections on bitumen chemistry; durability of bitumen; Balanced Mix Design (BMD); asphalt mix characterization; perpetual pavements; QC/QA in India; and rehabilitation of distressed concrete pavements with bituminous overlays; and life cycle costs of bituminous versus concrete pavements. TARGET AUDIENCE • B.Tech Civil Engineering • M.Tech Highway Education • Practicing Highway Engineer