What does it mean for scientists to truly understand, rather than to merely describe, how the world works? Michael Strevens proposes a novel theory of scientific explanation and understanding that overhauls and augments the familiar causal approach to explanation. What is replaced is the test for explanatorily relevant causal information: Strevens discards the usual criterion of counterfactual dependence in favor of a criterion that turns on a process of progressive abstraction away from a fully detailed, physical causal story. The augmentations include the introduction of a new, non-causal explanatory relevance relation—entanglement—and an independent theory of the role of black-boxing and functional specification in explanation. The abstraction-centered notion of difference-making leads to a rich causal treatment of many aspects of explanation that have been either ignored or handled inadequately by earlier causal approaches, including the explanation of laws and other regularities, with particular attention to the explanation of physically contingent high-level laws, idealization in explanation, and probabilistic explanation in deterministic systems, as in statistical physics, evolutionary biology, and medicine. The result is an account of explanation that has especially significant consequences for the higher-level sciences: biology, psychology, economics, and other social sciences.

in a near-future world where most of New York is under water and the mainland US is a bastion of censorship and religious extremism, PI Simone Pierce plies her trade between the tops of skyscrapers and over the networks of bridges. A routine case helping an archaeologist search for artworks lost when the seas rose turns deadly as bodies start floating to the surface of the Manhattan waters.

Summary CSS in Depth exposes you to a world of CSS techniques that range from clever to mind-blowing. This instantly useful book is packed with creative examples and powerful best practices that will sharpen your technical skills and inspire your sense of design. Foreword by Chris Coyier, Cofounder of CodePen. Dig even deeper into the secrets of CSS with our video course CSS in Depth in Motion, available exclusively at Manning.com (www.manning.com/livevideo/css-in-depth-​in-motion)! Purchase of the print book includes a free eBook in PDF, Kindle, and ePub formats from Manning Publications. About the Technology Some websites really pop. They look great, they're visually consistent, and they feel interactive and responsive. You can bet their developers knew CSS in depth. CSS specifies everything from the structural layout of page elements to their individual look and feel. True masters know the patterns of CSS development, the techniques to implement them, and the subtle touches that result in beautiful typography, fluid transitions, and balanced graphics. Join them! About the Book CSS in Depth exposes you to a world of CSS techniques that range from clever to mind-blowing. This instantly useful book is packed with creative examples and powerful best practices that will sharpen your technical skills and inspire your sense of design. You'll gain new insights into familiar features like floats and units, and experiment with emerging ideas like responsive design and pattern libraries. Bottom line: this book will make you a better web designer and your apps will look fantastic! What's Inside Avoid common CSS pitfalls Master misunderstood concepts Use flexbox and grid layout Responsive designs for any device Code for reuse and maintainability About the Reader Written for web developers who know the basics of CSS and HTML. About the Author Keith J. Grant is a senior web developer who builds and maintains web applications and websites, including The New York Stock Exchange site. Table of Contents PART 1 - REVIEWING THE FUNDAMENTALS Cascade, specificity, and inheritance Working with relative units Mastering the box model PART 2 - MASTERING LAYOUT Making sense of floats Flexbox Grid layout Positioning and stacking contexts Responsive design PART 3 - CSS AT SCALE Modular CSS Pattern libraries PART 4 - ADVANCED TOPICS Backgrounds, shadows, and blend modes Contrast, color, and spacing Typography Transitions Transforms Animations

It is October 1914, and Swedish naval officer Lars Tobiasson-Svartman is charged with a secret mission to take depth readings around the Stockholm archipelago. In the course of his work, he lands on the rocky isle of Halsskr. It seems impossible f...

Haskell in Depth unlocks a new level of skill with this challenging language. Going beyond the basics of syntax and structure, this book opens up critical topics like advanced types, concurrency, and data processing. Summary Turn the corner from “Haskell student” to “Haskell developer.” Haskell in Depth explores the important language features and programming skills you’ll need to build production-quality software using Haskell. And along the way, you’ll pick up some interesting insights into why Haskell looks and works the way it does. Get ready to go deep! Purchase of the print book includes a free eBook in PDF, Kindle, and ePub formats from Manning Publications. About the technology Software for high-precision tasks like financial transactions, defense systems, and scientific research must be absolutely, provably correct. As a purely functional programming language, Haskell enforces a mathematically rigorous approach that can lead to concise, efficient, and bug-free code. To write such code you’ll need deep understanding. You can get it from this book! About the book Haskell in Depth unlocks a new level of skill with this challenging language. Going beyond the basics of syntax and structure, this book opens up critical topics like advanced types, concurrency, and data processing. You’ll discover key parts of the Haskell ecosystem and master core design patterns that will transform how you write software. What's inside Building applications, web services, and networking apps Using sophisticated libraries like lens, singletons, and servant Organizing projects with Cabal and Stack Error-handling and testing Pure parallelism for multicore processors About the reader For developers familiar with Haskell basics. About the author Vitaly Bragilevsky has been teaching Haskell and functional programming since 2008. He is a member of the GHC Steering Committee. Table of Contents PART 1 CORE HASKELL 1 Functions and types 2 Type classes 3 Developing an application: Stock quotes PART 2 INTRODUCTION TO APPLICATION DESIGN 4 Haskell development with modules, packages, and projects 5 Monads as practical functionality providers 6 Structuring programs with monad transformers PART 3 QUALITY ASSURANCE 7 Error handling and logging 8 Writing tests 9 Haskell data and code at run time 10 Benchmarking and profiling PART 4 ADVANCED HASKELL 11 Type system advances 12 Metaprogramming in Haskell 13 More about types PART 5 HASKELL TOOLKIT 14 Data-processing pipelines 15 Working with relational databases 16 Concurrency

Summary Learn Git in a Month of Lunches introduces the discipline of source code control using Git. Whether you're a newbie or a busy pro moving your source control to Git, you'll appreciate how this book concentrates on the components of Git you'll use every day. In easy-to-follow lessons designed to take an hour or less, you'll dig into Git's distributed collaboration model, along with core concepts like committing, branching, and merging. Purchase of the print book includes a free eBook in PDF, Kindle, and ePub formats from Manning Publications. About the Book Git is the source code control system preferred by modern development teams. Its decentralized architecture and lightning-fast branching let you concentrate on your code instead of tedious version control tasks. At first, Git may seem like a sprawling beast. Fortunately, to get started you just need to master a few essential techniques. Read on! Learn Git in a Month of Lunches introduces the discipline of source code control using Git. Helpful for both newbies who have never used source control and busy pros, this book concentrates on the components of Git you'll use every day. In easy-to-follow lessons that take an hour or less, you'll dig into Git's distributed collaboration model, along with core concepts like committing, branching, and merging. This book is a road map to the commands and processes you need to be instantly productive. What's Inside Start from square one—no experience required The most frequently used Git commands Mental models that show how Git works Learn when and how to branch code About the Reader No previous experience with Git or other source control systems is required. About the Author Rick Umali uses Git daily as a developer and is a skilled consultant, trainer, and speaker. Table of Contents Before you begin An overview of Git and version control Getting oriented with Git Making and using a Git repository Using Git with a GUI Tracking and updating files in Git Committing parts of changes The time machine that is Git Taking a fork in the road Merging branches Cloning Collaborating with remotes Pushing your changes Keeping in sync Software archaeology Understanding git rebase Workflows and branching conventions Working with GitHub Third-party tools and Git Sharpening your Git

Effective techniques and experienced insights to maximize your C# 6 and 7 programming skills Key Features Written by C# legend and top StackOverflow contributor Jon Skeet Unlock the new features of C# 6 and 7 Insights on the future of the C# language Master asynchronous functions, interpolated strings, tuples, and more Purchase of the print book includes a free eBook in PDF, Kindle, and ePub formats from Manning Publications. ”An excellent overview of C# with helpful and realistic examples that make learning the newest features of C# easy.” —Meredith Godar About The Book C# is the foundation of .NET development. New features added in C# 6 and 7 make it easier to take on big data applications, cloud-centric web development, and cross-platform software using .NET Core. Packed with deep insight from C# guru Jon Skeet, this book takes you deep into concepts and features other C# books ignore. C# in Depth, Fourth Edition is an authoritative and engaging guide that reveals the full potential of the language, including the new features of C# 6 and 7. It combines deep dives into the C# language with practical techniques for enterprise development, web applications, and systems programming. As you absorb the wisdom and techniques in this book, you’ll write better code, and become an exceptional troubleshooter and problem solver. What You Will Learn Comprehensive guidance on the new features of C# 6 and 7 Important legacies and greatest hits of C# 2–5 Expression-bodied members Extended pass-by-reference functionality Writing asynchronous C# code String interpolation Composition with tuples Decomposition and pattern matching This Book Is Written For For intermediate C# developers. About The Author Jon Skeet is a senior software engineer at Google. He studied mathematics and computer science at Cambridge, is a recognized authority in Java and C#, and maintains the position of top contributor to Stack Overflow. Table of Contents 1. Survival of the sharpest 2. C# 2 3. C# 3: LINQ and everything that comes with it 4. C# 4: Improving interoperability 5. Writing asynchronous code 6. Async implementation 7. C# 5 bonus features 8. Super-sleek properties and expression-bodied members 9. Stringy features 10. A smörgåsbord of features for concise code 11. Composition using tuples 12. Deconstruction and pattern matching 13. Improving efficiency with more pass by reference 14. Concise code in C# 7 15. C# 8 and beyond PART 1 C# IN CONTEXT PART 2 C# 2–5 PART 3 C# 6 PART 4 C# 7 AND BEYOND