In December 2019, the world witnessed the occurrence of a new coronavirus to humanity. The disease spread quickly and became known as a pandemic globally, affecting both society and the health care system, both the elderly and young groups of people, and both the men’s and women’s groups. It was a universal challenge that immediately caused a surge in scientific research. Be a part of a world rising in fighting against the pandemic, the Coronavirus Disease - COVID-19 was depicted in the early days of the pandemic, but updated by more than 200 scientists and clinicians to include many facets of this new infectious pandemic, including i, characteristics, ecology, and evolution of coronaviruses; ii, epidemiology, genetics, and pathogenesis (immune responses and oxidative stress) of the disease; iii, diagnosis, prognosis, and clinical manifestations of the disease in pediatrics, geriatrics, pregnant women, and neonates; iv, challenges of co-occurring the disease with tropical infections, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and cancer and to the settings of dentistry, hematology, ophthalmology, and pharmacy; v, transmission, prevention, and potential treatments, ranging from supportive ventilator support and nutrition therapy to potential virus- and host-based therapies, immune-based therapies, photobiomodulation, antiviral photodynamic therapy, and vaccines; vi, the resulting consequences on social lives, mental health, education, tourism industry and economy; and vii, multimodal approaches to solve the problem by bioinformatic methods, innovation and ingenuity, globalization, social and scientific networking, interdisciplinary approaches, and art integration. We are approaching December 2020 and the still presence of COVID-19, asking us to call it COVID (without 19).

The #1 New York Times Best-Selling series tells the story of how COVID-19, a coronavirus, was first identified and how it spread throughout the world in the new Who HQ Now format for trending topics. The coronavirus disease COVID-19 emerged in November 2019. By March 2020, cities all around the world closed schools, offices, restaurants and other public spaces deemed “non-essential” in an attempt to contain the fast-spreading virus. People struggled to follow government orders, stay indoors, and limit contact with others. But the virus that caused one of the world’s deadliest pandemics eventually killed over five million people worldwide. This is the story of how COVID-19 changed the world seemingly overnight, and forever.

This volume presents a comprehensive account of the COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the novel coronavirus pandemic, as it happened. Originating in China in late 2019, the COVID-19 outbreak spread across the entire world in a matter of three to four months. This volume examines the first responses to the pandemic, the contexts of earlier epidemics and the epidemiological basics of infectious diseases. Further, it discusses patterns in the spread of the disease; the management and containment of infections at the personal, national and global level; effects on trade and commerce; the social and psychological impact on people; the disruption and postponement of international events; the role of various international organizations like the WHO in the search for solutions; and the race for a vaccine or a cure. Authored by a medical professional and an economist working on the frontlines, this book gives a nuanced, verified and fact-checked analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic and its global response. A one-stop resource on the COVID-19 outbreak, it is indispensable for every reader and a holistic work for scholars and researchers of medical sociology, public health, political economy, public policy and governance, sociology of health and medicine, and paramedical and medical practitioners. It will also be a great resource for policymakers, government departments and civil society organizations working in the area.

Coronavirus Disease: From Origin to Outbreak provides a comprehensive review of coronaviruses, particularly COVID-19, its transmission, and disease pathology. The book covers the viral structure and genetics of coronaviruses, the pathogenesis and unique characteristics of coronavirus infection, and the evolving nature of our understanding of coronaviruses and disease. It also looks at the history of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections and its global spread. The book examines the effectiveness of various preventive measures and new therapeutic agents that are either currently available or expected to available. Finally, it details the psychological and societal impact the virus and disease has in outbreak regions and what the financial impact an outbreak has on the healthcare system and local economies. Provides an overview of the nature of infection, methods of spread, and history to better understand the principles of prevention and treatment of not only coronaviruses but also zoonotic infections in general Makes comparisons with the impact of other viral infections such as Ebola virus disease, Zika virus disease, and Dengue virus disease which is key to learning from previous successful and unsuccessful strategies Examines the global health perspective, population reaction, medical response to the COVID-19 pandemic

CONTENTS Chapter I A Review: General Outlook of Coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2……1 Chapter II Covid-19: Update Pathogenesis and Clinical Effects……………..19 Chapter III Epidemiology of Covid-19…………………………………………….29 Chapter IV Effect of ACEIs (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors) and ARBs (Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers) on as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19)…………………………………………41 Chapter V Covid-19 and Food Safety…………………………………………….49 Chapter VI “Covid-19” in the Framework of a Dystopian Element…………..59

COVID-19: Epidemiology, Biochemistry, and Diagnostics explains COVID-19 from multidisciplinary angles such as the evolution of SARS-COV, genetic techniques to study the virus, and diagnostic methodologies widely used in the global COVID-19 pandemic. The chapters in this book provide the reader with up-to-date literature about research on SARS-CoV-2 through three parts: I) Evolution and Entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host II) Genetic Alteration and Structural Determination of SARS-CoV-2 Proteins III) Quantitative Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 for research and medical diagnosis Key Features: - 15 chapters on SAR-CoV-2 in a multidisciplinary context - Provides a comprehensive overview of SARS-CoV-2 evolution and genetics - Provides biochemical information about SARS-CoV-2 proteins and receptor targets (both structural and non-structural proteins) - Includes an overview of several methods of detecting SARS-CoV-2 virus particles (ELISA, PCR, Neutralizing Antibodies - Covers some critical diagnostic modalities for COVID-19 diagnosis - Provides bibliographic references for further reading Readers will understand the significance of phylogenetic analysis of coronaviruses, along with the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and related diseases such as SARS and MERS. Applications of biochemical technologies such as RT-PCR and CRISPR are also demonstrated in the text. This book is a comprehensive introduction to COVID-19 research for medical researchers, microbiologists and virologists. Students in academic programs in life sciences and medicine will also benefit from the information provided in the book.

Corona virus disease or COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 infection is the latest pandemic that has affected humans globally. The disease has manifested itself in several forms and is now the focus of research worldwide. This book covers all the clinical aspects of the novel corona virus disease, COVID-19, which is one of the most contagious diseases ever known. It includes topics related to basic sciences, such as the virology and pathophysiology of the SARS-CoV-2 disease. It includes chapters related to symptomatology of the disease and making diagnosis, preparation of the health care workers to deal with this global pandemic. The book includes chapters on anesthetic and intensive care management of COVID-19 disease victims as these topics are of vast importance. Additionally, it includes a chapter giving insight in to the ethical aspects of the issues raised regarding disposal of bodies of the victims, as this pandemic has taken many lives across the world. It includes a chapter on special considerations to patient population such as geriatrics, pediatrics and pregnant women. The book serves as a useful resource for practitioners and clinicians in any field of medicine. It is also relevant for residents, trainees, fellows pursuing their courses in emergency medicine, anesthesia and critical care as well as postgraduates and even undergraduates. The book will serve as a ready-reckoner and useful guide for physicians from varied specialties during their clinical practice.