Mobile is simultaneously a typical and unique city in the postwar United States. It was a quintessential boomtown during World War II. That prosperity was followed by a period of rapid urban decline and subsequent attempts at revitalizing (or gentrifying) its downtown area. As in many other US cities, urban renewal, integration, and other socioeconomic developments led to white flight, marginalized the African American population, and set the stage for the development of LGBTQ+ community building and subculture. Yet these usually segregated segments of society in Mobile converged once a year to create a common identity, that of a Carnival City. Carnival in Alabama looks not only at the people who participated in Mardi Gras organizations divided by race, gender, and/or sexual orientation, but also investigates the experience of “marked bodies” outside of these organizations, or people involved in Carnival through their labor or as audiences (or publics) of the spectacle. It also expands the definition of Mobile’s Carnival “tradition” beyond the official pageantry by including street maskers and laborers and neighborhood cookouts. Using archival sources and oral history interviews to investigate and analyze the roles assigned, inaccessible to, or claimed and appropriated by straight-identified African American men and women and people who defied gender and sexuality normativity in the festivities (regardless of their racial identity), this book illuminates power dynamics through culture and ritual. By looking at Carnival as an “invented tradition” and as a semiotic system associated with discourses of power, it joins a transnational conversation about the phenomenon.

"Mobile is simultaneously a typical and unique city in the postwar United States. It was a quintessential boomtown during World War II. That prosperity was followed by a period of rapid urban decline and subsequent attempts at revitalizing (or gentrifying) its downtown area. As in many other US cities, urban renewal, integration, and other socioeconomic developments led to white flight, marginalized the African American population, and set the stage for the development of LGBTQ community building and subculture. Yet these usually segregated segments of society in Mobile converged once a year to create a common identity, that of a Carnival City. Carnival in Alabama looks not only at the people who participated in Mardi Gras organizations divided by race, gender, and/or sexual orientation, but also investigates the experience of "marked bodies" outside of these organizations, or people involved in Carnival through their labor or as audiences (or publics) of the spectacle. It also expands the definition of Mobile's Carnival "tradition" beyond the official pageantry by including street maskers and laborers and neighborhood cookouts. Using archival sources and oral history interviews to investigate and analyze the roles assigned, inaccessible to, or claimed and appropriated by straight-identified African American men and women and people who defied gender and sexuality normativity in the festivities (regardless of their racial identity), this book seeks to understand power dynamics through culture and ritual. By looking at Carnival as an "invented tradition" and as a semiotic system associated with discourses of power, it joins a transnational conversation about the phenomenon"--

Mardi Gras in Mobile began its carnival celebration years before the city of New Orleans was founded. In the 1700s, mystic societies formed in Mobile, such as the Societe de Saint Louis, believed to be the first in the New World. These curious organizations brought old-world traditions as they held celebrations like parades and balls with themes like Scandinavian mythology and the dream of Pythagoras. Today, more than 800,000 people annually take in the sights, sounds and attractions of the celebration. Historian and preservationist L. Craig Roberts, through extensive research and interviews, explores the captivating and charismatic history of Mardi Gras in the Port City.

Young readers will learn all about the culture, history, and celebrations of Mardi Gras. From costumes to carnivals and music, students will want to revel in the festivities. Students can make gumbo according to the recipe in the book, as well as create a Mardi Gras mask to celebrate!

"Following the lives of Michael Krafft, and his family, Cowbellion tells the story of how Mardi Gras was born in antebellum Mobile, New Orleans and the ports of the northeast. Masked balls, slaves, Creoles, and Yellow Fever were all new to the Krafft family and thousands of others who came to Deep South in the 1820's and 1830's, to be at the center of the booming international cotton trade. Out of their experiences, a new tradition of festivity was born."--Publisher's description.

"As LGBTQ people gain more legal rights, it's important to think of more complex ways of being included in society. From the Mardi Gras celebrations in the Deep South to the Mummers Parade in Philadelphia to the Portland Rose Festival, communities across the United States gather together to celebrate, participate in parades, encourage tourism, cultivate local traditions, and craft a sense of place. I am interested in large public festivals like Fiesta San Antonio that are intended to include everyone in the city, because these festivals are supposed to be a time when the city comes together as one to appreciate the diverse contributions of people within the city. During festivals, whose culture gets included and valued, which events are allowed, and how different communities are represented, become socially significant and fraught questions. Festival participation can be a rich site for LGBTQ participants to be valued for their cultural differences and find a sense of belonging in the city"--