This title gives an overview of composites and biocomposites. It discusses the history of CaPO4/ /polymer biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials, as well as analyzing the latest developments in the field. It also covers bioactivity and biodegradation of CaPO4-based biomaterials.

In this book, the state-of-the-art of calcium orthophosphate-based biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials suitable for biomedical applications is presented. This subject belongs to a rapidly expanding area of science and research because these types of biomaterials offer many significant and exciting possibilities for hard tissue regeneration. Through the successful combination of the desired properties of matrix materials with those of fillers (in such systems, calcium orthophosphates might play either role), innovative bone graft biomaterials can be designed. The book starts with an introduction to locate the reader. Further, general information on composites and hybrid materials, including a brief description of their major constituents are presented. Various types of calcium orthophosphate-based bone-analogue biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials, those are either already in use or being investigated for various biomedical applications are then extensively discussed. Many different formulations in terms of the material constituents, fabrication technologies, structural and bioactive properties, as well as both in vitro and in vivo characteristics have already been proposed. Among the others, the nano-structurally controlled biocomposites, those with nano-sized calcium orthophosphates, biomimetically-fabricated formulations with collagen, chitin and/or gelatin, as well as various functionally graded structures seem to be the most promising candidates for clinical applications. The specific advantages of using calcium orthophosphate-based biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials in the selected applications are highlighted. As the way from a laboratory to a hospital is a long one and the prospective biomedical candidates have to meet many different necessities, the critical issues and scientific challenges that require further research and development have been examined as well.

Reflecting the advances made in recent years, this is a comprehensive overview of calcium orthophosphates for bioceramics and biocomposites with a special focus on the detailed description of all those available, including their biological and geological occurrence, preparation, chemical composition, structure-property relationships and applications. In particular, the book discusses the suitability of these orthophosphates for biomedical applications and their use as bone grafts in surgery and medicine. The result is a useful reference for researchers with an academic, medical or commercial background.

Due to a great chemical similarity with the biological calcified tissues, many calcium orthophosphates possess remarkable biocompatibility and bioactivity. Materials scientists use this property extensively to construct artificial bone grafts that are either entirely made of or only surface-coated with the biologically relevant calcium orthophospha

Composites in Biomedical Applications presents a comprehensive overview on recent developments in composites and their use in biomedical applications. It features cutting-edge developments to encourage further advances in the field of composite research. Highlights a completely new research theme in polymer-based composite materials Outlines a broad range of different research fields, including polymer and natural fiber reinforcement used in the development of composites for biomedical applications Discusses advanced techniques for the development of composites and biopolymer-based composites Covers fatigue behavior, conceptual design in ergonomics design application, tissue regeneration or replacement, and skeletal bone repair of polymer composites Details the latest developments in synthesis, preparation, characterization, material evaluation, and future challenges of composite applications in the biomedical field This book is a comprehensive resource for advanced students and scientists pursuing research in the broad fields of composite materials, polymers, organic or inorganic hybrid materials, and nano-assembly.

Reflecting the advances made in recent years, this is a comprehensive overview of calcium orthophosphates for bioceramics and biocomposites with a special focus on the detailed description of all those available, including their biological and geological occurrence, preparation, chemical composition, structure-property relationships and applications. In particular, the book discusses the suitability of these orthophosphates for biomedical applications and their use as bone grafts in surgery and medicine. The result is a useful reference for researchers with an academic, medical or commercial background.

As the inorganic constituents of skeletons, dentine and the enamel of teeth in all vertebrates, as well as antlers of male deer, calcium orthophosphates (CaPO4) appear to be the key materials to sustain all life on Earth. Therefore, biologically relevant CaPO4 possess all the necessary features of the biomaterials, such as biocompatibility, bioactivity, bioresorbability, osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, and appear to be non-toxic, non-inflammatory and non-immunogenic. In this book, the author presents current state-of-the-art applications of CaPO4 as biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials, self-setting formulations, as well as the workings of their dissolution mechanism. Topics discussed include the major constituents of biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials for bone grafting, preparation, properties and the available knowledge on interactions among the phases for various types of CaPO4-based biocomposites. Additionally, the major types, preparation, properties and the available knowledge on the reinforced formulations for various types of self-setting CaPO4-based compositions, followed by the detailed description of their biomedical applications and in vivo behaviour are discussed. The comprehensive description of currently available dissolution mechanisms of calcium apatites in acids, followed by the successful attempt to create the general dissolution mechanism is given in the last section of this book.