COLOUR EDITION What was Aratta? Why is this most ancient civilisation important to us today? The Arattan civilisation has come to signify the creation of an assembly of tribes and nations which ultimately spread across the entire span of Eurasia. Aratta itself became an epithet for "abundance" and "glory". Aratta created script, texts, writing, laws and precepts, contracts, trade, judicial systems, agriculture, spirited arts & crafts - within a peaceful, matriarchal civilisation many millennia before the founding of Sumer around 3200 BCE which had itself sprung, seemingly 'ready-formed', into archaeological consciousness according to Sumerian scholars. So why are Western historians of ancient civilisations predominantly focused on studying Rome, Greece and Egypt, almost to the exclusion of fabulous Mesopotamian Sumer and its progenitor, this Aratta? Its rich petroglyphic archives deposited by Stone Age communities of mammoth-hunters in Ukraine can no longer be ignored, accordingly, this book sets out to trace the development of this civilisation from its origin on the territory of Ukraine, the northern Black Sea Land of Aratta. From 20,000 BCE, pre-state Aratta progressed from being a well-organised society to one whose subsequent wisdom-keepers would, by 12,000 BCE, have inscribed their chronicles in sanctuary grottoes at 'Kamyana Mohyla' (southern Ukraine). In this "Stone Library", which remains virtually unknown in the Western world, lies a written agreement from c. 6,200 BCE, an appeal for mutual aid between missionaries from Çatal Höyük (Anatolia) which singularly justifies recognition of Aratta as the world's first known state and founder of the "Indo-European" community of tribes and languages. In this image-rich book, Dr. Shilov critically examines the extent to which Aratta's tendrils advanced into Asia Minor, India, Mesopotamia, Egypt and indeed, across Europe covering the most extensive timescale imaginable. This is far more than 'mere history', it is an analysis of how the apotheosis of Aratta ("Trypillian archaeological culture") came to be eclipsed by the rise of its off-shoot, the slave-holding civilisation of Sumer. This progressive trend was paralleled by a movement away from the ancient intuitive perception of their world to one which was based upon logical analysis. The author stresses the importance of understanding the balance between the material form and field essence components of 'physical space' and their interpretation by the conscious and subconscious mind. It was this fundamental distinction which drew Aratta's Brahman priests to dissociate "life-and-death" from "existence and non-existence". Dr. Shilov's lifetime experience of excavating hundreds of burial kurhans and graves across the steppes of Ukraine made it possible to "decipher" the mythological rituals associated with those mounds which closely resemble those rituals in the Indo-Aryan Rigveda, yet arose long before they appeared in India, corroborating the linguistic conception that the Aryans and their beliefs originated in the lower Dnipro area of Ukraine. Drawing upon sources rarely encountered by Western researchers Dr. Shilov describes the migrations of ancient Eurasian tribes; the spread of Vedic philosophy into India; the origins of Pelasgian and Greek legends; the rise of Cimmerian, Scythian, Slavic and western European nations; the emergence of Kyivan Rus and through Cossack traditions, an appreciation of the sustained preservation of the core tenets of Arattan culture, still maintained in the very heart of modern Ukraine. At a time when modern civilisations often exhibit uncivilised behaviour, an understanding of Aratta's precepts of peaceful, harmonious society is surely worthy of our attention. "Ancient History of Aratta-Ukraine" is sincerely recommended.

This book, Structure of Space and the Submicroscopic Deterministic Concept of Physics, completely formalizes fundamental physics by showing that all space, which consists of objects and distances, arises from the same origin: manifold of sets. A continuously organized mathematical lattice of topological balls represents the primary substrate named the tessellattice. All fundamental particles arise as local fractal deformations of the tessellattice. The motion of such particulate balls through the tessellattice causes it to deform neighboring cells, which generates a cloud of a new kind of spatial excitations named ‘inertons’. Thus, so-called "hidden variables" introduced in the past by de Broglie, Bohm and Vigier have acquired a sense of real quasiparticles of space.This theory of space unambiguously answers such challenging issues as: what is mass, what is charge, what is a photon, what is the wave psi-function, what is a neutrino, what are the nuclear forces, and so on. The submicroscopic concept uncovers new peculiar properties of quantum systems, especially the dynamics of particles within a section equal to the particle’s de Broglie wavelength, which are fundamentally impossible for quantum mechanics. This concept, thoroughly discussed in the book, allows one to study complex problems in quantum optics and quantum electrodynamics in detail, to disclose an inner world of particle physics by exposing the structure of quarks and nucleons in real space, and to derive gravity as the transfer of local deformations of space by inertons which in turn completely solves the problems of dark matter and dark energy. Inertons have revealed themselves in a number of experiments carried out in condensed media, plasma, nuclear physics and astrophysics, which are described in this book together with prospects for future studies in both fundamental and applied physics.

Historians consider the biblical account of Noah and the Deluge as a myth. However, this famous event occurred at the earliest times of recorded history (Sumerian King List). Today scientists believe in the last ice age called Pleistocene ending in 10,000 BCE, but there is no witness of this planetary cataclysmic event and its existence is based solely on the controversial interpretation of its consequences and their dating. The existence of erratic blocks and the disappearance of mammoths are presented as evidence of the last glaciation. However, despite dating obtained by 14C (calibrated by dendrochronology) is considered absolute by most experts its confrontation with the Egyptian chronology, in which some dates are fixed by astronomy, reverses this widespread belief and shows that dates obtained by 14C increase exponentially before -2200. Thus the rate of 14C tends gradually to 0 around -3500, which implies an important consequence: before -3500, 14C dating is no longer possible.

Brilliant horsemen and great fighters, the Scythians were nomadic horsemen who ranged wide across the grasslands of the Asian steppe from the Altai mountains in the east to the Great Hungarian Plain in the first millennium BC. Their steppe homeland bordered on a number of sedentary states to the south - the Chinese, the Persians and the Greeks - and there were, inevitably, numerous interactions between the nomads and their neighbours. The Scythians fought the Persians on a number of occasions, in one battle killing their king and on another occasion driving the invading army of Darius the Great from the steppe. Relations with the Greeks around the shores of the Black Sea were rather different - both communities benefiting from trading with each other. This led to the development of a brilliant art style, often depicting scenes from Scythian mythology and everyday life. It is from the writings of Greeks like the historian Herodotus that we learn of Scythian life: their beliefs, their burial practices, their love of fighting, and their ambivalent attitudes to gender. It is a world that is also brilliantly illuminated by the rich material culture recovered from Scythian burials, from the graves of kings on the Pontic steppe, with their elaborate gold work and vividly coloured fabrics, to the frozen tombs of the Altai mountains, where all the organic material - wooden carvings, carpets, saddles and even tattooed human bodies - is amazingly well preserved. Barry Cunliffe here marshals this vast array of evidence - both archaeological and textual - in a masterful reconstruction of the lost world of the Scythians, allowing them to emerge in all their considerable vigour and splendour for the first time in over two millennia.

Europe's place in history is re-assessed in this first comprehensive history of the ancient world, centering on the Indian Ocean and its role in pre-modern globalization. Philippe Beaujard presents an ambitious and comprehensive global history of the Indian Ocean world, from the earliest state formations to 1500 CE. Supported by a wealth of empirical data, full color maps, plates, and figures, he shows how Asia and Africa dominated the economic and cultural landscape and the flow of ideas in the pre-modern world. This led to a trans-regional division of labor and an Afro-Eurasian world economy. Beaujard questions the origins of capitalism and hints at how this world-system may evolve in the future. The result is a reorienting of world history, taking the Indian Ocean, rather than Europe, as the point of departure. Volume I provides in-depth coverage of the period from the fourth millennium BCE to the sixth century CE.