Since it began operations in 1971, the National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak) has never been profitable, & it remains heavily dependent on substantial federal operating & capital subsidies. This report examines: (1) financial performance of Amtrak's current routes, (2) implications for Amtrak of multiyear capital requirements & declining federal operating subsidies, & (3) the effect on Amtrak of reforms contained in the Amtrak Reform & Accountability Act of 1997. It relies on Amtrak's financial data & performance measures to assess the performance of Amtrak's 40 routes. Charts & tables.

Amtrak has struggled since its inception to earn sufficient revenues & operate efficiently. In June 2002, Amtrak's new pres. began major efforts to improve efficiency. However, the financial condition of the company remains precarious, requiring a fed. subsidy of more than $1 billion annually. Capital backlogs are now about $6 billion, with over 60% being attributable to its mainstay Northeast Corridor service. This report reviewed Amtrak's: (1) strategic planning, (2) financial reporting & financial management practices, (3) cost containment strategies, (4) acquisition management, & (5) accountability & oversight. Includes recommendations. Charts & tables.