Vicious Circles traces the history of development of public education and the near simultaneous advent of educational reform from its very beginning. Drawing on history, politics, law, sociology, and educational research, all aspects of public schooling are brought to light using a non-partisan analytical approach. Critically examining areas such as institutional racism, sexism, ableism, ethnocentrism, and xenophobia, as well as the corporatization and privatization of public schooling, Shyman extracts the fundamental problems that have ever plagued, and continue to plague, successful education reform. Essentially, Shyman demonstrates that little progress in the area of education reform has ever been made. Rather, the same misinformed, repackaged efforts by a disconnected and insularly private political elite have continued to be applied, perpetuating a “vicious circle” of failed and misguided attempts at education reform.

Praise for the previous edition: "...excellent...provide[s] timeless foundational information for those interested in the area of educational reform. Every academic library should have this volume."—American Reference Books Annual The effort to improve the quality, methods, and purpose of elementary and secondary schooling in the United States is known as education reform. This movement traces its origins to the inception of public schools—almost 150 years before the founding of the nation—and has both reflected and led social change in the United States. Americans widely agree that schools play an essential role in shaping the nation's future but disagree about education-related issues ranging from assimilation of immigrants and opportunity for the poor to the role of the federal government and the constitutional rights of parents and children. Today the debates on education reform center on teacher preparation and incentives, standardized testing, charter schools, homeschooling, school choice, class size, and discipline. As the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 reaches its 10-year anniversary, Americans are evaluating its nationwide impact on standards, accountability, curriculum, and failing schools. Education Reform, Revised Edition examines these and other complex issues surrounding this timely issue. Clear and logically organized, this revised volume helps students and researchers define, understand, and research this important topic. Coverage includes: Current developments regarding teacher incentives, curriculum standards, standardized tests, and homeschooling The goals and requirements of "Race to the Top," a $5 billion education grant program rolled out as part of the Obama administration's Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 Extracts from documents such as The Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education (1918), A Nation at Risk (1983), the 2002 U.S. Supreme Court ruling Zelman v. Simmons-Harris, and the U.S. Secretary of Education's overview of key policy provisions in the No Child Left Behind Act (2002) A concise survey of the events and major debates surrounding education reform in the United States, from earliest influences through the present Up-to-date statistics on charter school enrollment and operations.

This book shows that the introduction of the European Credit Transfer System (ECTS) of credit points as a new accounting unit at universities has led to increased bureaucracy and the schoolmaster-style regimentation of Bachelor’s and Master’s courses. It explains how, due to the pressure of having to plan every single working hour of studying in advance, a ‘Sudoku Effect’ is created by the necessity to combine courses, exams and modules in such a way that the points ‘add up’. An unintentional side effect of the introduction of the ECTS, the Sudoku Effect has led to more classroom style teaching, an inflation of exams and fewer choices available to students. It has resulted in such complex and contradictory guidelines for the planning of the curriculum that the values attributed to the higher education reform can often only be realised if the rules for Bachelor’s and Master’s programmes are ignored, or at least stretched, in practice. The book describes how the reaction to this situation is the continuous further refinement of the complicated rules rather than their abolishment.

This book brings together a variety of connected voices which consider potential ways forward for school reform. By demonstrating how the ‘subject-centered’ and ‘student-centered’ models of education can, and have been working together in various contexts, the text sets out a compelling case for an emerging movement that unites ideologies and pedagogical traditions which have traditionally been considered to be at odds with one another. In drawing from historical sources, the full range of contemporary research, and a series of investigations led by the authors, this book documents the deep back-story of school reform, and explains the powerful and largely unacknowledged consensus on what constitutes excellence in teaching and learning. This book will be of great interest to researchers, academics, and postgraduate students in the fields of school reform and educational leadership. It will also appeal to graduate students, researchers and postgraduates in the fields of history of education, educational leadership, teaching and learning, and curriculum studies.

“In this era, when ‘commonsense’ in educational discourse is so deeply framed by neoliberalism, we must better understand both the uniquely situated and the insidiously interconnected nature of so-called reforms. Thank you to Keith M. Sturges and colleagues for illuminating exactly this in their important and hard-hitting new book that reveals not merely how neoliberal reforms are designed to reinforce inequity, but also how the contradictions within provide ample opportunity to collectivize and act with hope.” – Kevin Kumashiro, author of Bad Teacher!: How Blaming Teachers Distorts the Bigger Picture “In this important volume, editor Keith M. Sturges has taken the most useful discussions of neoliberalism and – with great precision, clarity and utility – seen them applied to the education arena. Over 13 chapters, leading education thinkers lay bare sets of realities that the broader public, school administrators, and policy makers would do well to fully understand. These range from the impact of neoliberal thinking upon chartering, parent involvement, teacher training, school climate, funding and more. I’ll be using the chapters in this text in a variety of ways. They’ll inform conversations with local, state and federal policy makers, and inform conversations with school leaders and district leaders. I’ll also be assigning the text in my graduate seminar on education policy. Finally, the chapters will inform several lectures in my undergraduate class on ‘The Promise and Peril of Public Education.’ What a gem of a volume!” – Kevin Michael Foster, Executive Director, The Institute for Community, University and School Partnerships (ICUSP)

Sarason challenges educators to understand that to continue to struggle for 'power over' rather than 'power with' overlooks the mutual interest of all parties that will stifle any real progress in education reform. In a classroom utilizing effective teaching practices students would respond to the question, 'How do you rate this book?' with all thumbs up. ?Choice

Education as a major social movement is coming to an end. The theoretical framework for this proposition derives from Thomas Kuhn's theory of paradigm shifts of major movements and Hegel's 'end of history' thesis. The 'end of school reform' thesis blends Arthur Danto's 'end of art', John Horgan's 'end of science', and Francis Fukuyama's 'end of history' theses. Including interviews of education historians and policy professors, The End of School Reform maintains that educational innovation may still continue, but only on a piecemeal basis.