Language teaching programs have to respond to the need for distance education, with teachers working to transfer their material onto online platforms and/or learning management systems (LMS) even though their materials are not designed with distance learning in mind. COVID-19 has led to English language teaching programs extending their teaching online for the unforeseeable future and trying to adjust the material to deliver high-quality practice. The education emergency caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed that the world needs an education system that favors flexibility and resilience to equip educators to face unpredictable emergencies that may arise. Transferring Language Learning and Teaching From Face-to-Face to Online Settings examines the phenomenon of emergency language education further and provides an avenue for language teachers and researchers to share their experience, thoughts, and suggestions about transferring their material and teaching approaches from face-to-face (f2f) to an online setting. The edited volume offers a platform for exploring how the field of language teaching is adapting to changes that have derived from the pandemic, with a strong focus on the challenges faced and ways to move forward. Covering topics such as digital pedagogy and teacher education, it is ideal for instructors, faculty trainers, instructional designers, administrators, policymakers, researchers, teachers, teacher educators, and students.

Online Chinese Learning aims to investigate the types of language learning strategies (LLSs) that online Chinese learners use across asynchronous and synchronous learning environments in different learning contexts. This book examines how the use of language learning strategies by online Chinese learners is influenced by the interactants; the characteristics of the specific learning context; and selected individual learner characteristics. This book will provide: (1) new and detailed information about students’ LLS use in online Chinese learning; (2) insights into how individual students adopt LLSs and technological tools to solve learning problems in various learning contexts; (3) an exploration of factors influencing LLS use; and (4) recommendations regarding LLS adoption, use, and training. This book will be a valuable resource for university instructors in languages, language teaching methods, and second language acquisition, as well as researchers in languages, linguistics, and language learning and teaching.

Throughout its whole history, most research conducted in language assessment refers to testing. It is only since 2000 that language formative assessment started being recorded in research publications. This book tells the story of language formative assessment in two ways, the one complementing the other: in the forms of a systematic review and a descriptive and evaluative annotated bibliography, from the very first published work on the subject in 2000 to 2020. While the systematic review gives the story of language formative assessment in a chronological order and gives an overview of different aspects, the annotated bibliography gives more details for research work published. Τhe main purposes of the book are to (1) give a substantial background in the area, (2) describe how this topic has been approached, (3) contribute to the development of critical thinking, (4) help in establishing the relevance and quality of the annotated material, and (5) facilitate language formative researchers as well as practitioners to form an overview of the research in the area during the specific period under study. The book may be of interest to language practitioners, researchers, teacher trainers, and policy makers. The authors hope that the present publication will be viewed as a valuable contribution to the history of language formative assessment.

Decades of research have shown that early-career teachers face a number of challenges and hold an increasingly wide set of responsibilities. Teacher educators, therefore, must think carefully about how to prepare early-career teachers for the profession. Additionally, however, the work of teaching and teacher education has become increasingly complex within the context of the current virtual age, including the prominent reality of social media and the significant possibilities of online teaching and learning. Research, Practice, and Innovations in Teacher Education During a Virtual Age makes a significant contribution to the scholarship on teacher education by presenting a variety of evidence-based methods that can be used to develop and improve aspects of teacher education within this virtual age, including the curriculum and pedagogy of online teacher education as well as effective ways to prepare preservice teachers for the realities of online teaching and online learning. Covering topics such as virtual caring, learning material adaptation, and instructional coaching, this premier reference source is a dynamic resource for teacher educators, pre-service teachers, administrators and educators of both K-12 and higher education, government officials, policymakers, researchers, and academicians.

Understanding Bilingualism, Bilinguality, and Bilingual Education in an Era of Globalization is written by Dr. Ai-Ling Wang, and provides a comprehensive guide for scholars seeking to expand their knowledge of bilingualism and its impact in the modern world. The book is divided into three parts, with the first part focusing on the theoretical background and definitions of bilingualism, bilinguality, and bilingual education. The second part examines bilinguality from cognitive, neuro-linguistic, socio-linguistic, and psycho-linguistic perspectives, exploring how bilingual speakers benefit from their cognitive development and what areas of cognitive advantage bilingual speakers enjoy. The final part of the book discusses bilingual education and how bilinguals choose a particular language depending on the situation, interlocutors, topic, and personal preference and proficiency. Dr. Wang emphasizes that bilingualism is not limited to speaking two languages, and multilingual and multicultural aspects must also be considered. Throughout the book, the author explores various aspects of bilingualism, including its formation, benefits, and challenges, and discusses whether bilinguals are provided with equal opportunities to schooling and whether bilingual programs actually help students with mainstream language while maintaining their home language. Overall, this book provides a comprehensive understanding of bilingualism and its impact in the era of globalization.

This two-volume set LNCS 13315 and 13316 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Social Computing and Social Media, SCSM 2022, held as part of the 24rd International Conference, HCI International 2022, which took place in June-July 2022. Due to COVID-19 pandemic the conference was held virtually. The total of 1276 papers and 275 posters included in the 40 HCII 2022 proceedings volumes was carefully reviewed and selected from 5583 submissions. The papers of SCSM 2022, Part II, are organized in topical sections named: social media in education; customer experience and consumer behavior.

A quiet, anxious class can be an uncomfortable learning experience for all concerned, yet it can be a situation language educators regularly face. This volume offers a range of activities which teachers can use with both classes and individual students to reduce their anxiety and increase their confidence for speaking. Drawn from a variety of theoretical backgrounds and educational contexts, the activities are presented in a clear and easy-to-follow format, allowing educators to choose according to the needs of their students and style of instruction. By describing the theories, reasons and events which gave rise to the development of the activities, readers will be able to recognise their own experiences and easily realise how they might put the activities into practice in their own situations. Theories and practices explored include: mindfulness, flow practices, self-esteem theory, Stoic philosophy, attribution retraining, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) and positive evaluation.