Women and Trade

Women and Trade
Title Women and Trade PDF eBook
Author World Bank;World Trade Organization
Publisher World Bank Publications
Total Pages 270
Release 2020-09-04
Genre Business & Economics
ISBN 1464815569

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Trade can dramatically improve women’s lives, creating new jobs, enhancing consumer choices, and increasing women’s bargaining power in society. It can also lead to job losses and a concentration of work in low-skilled employment. Given the complexity and specificity of the relationship between trade and gender, it is essential to assess the potential impact of trade policy on both women and men and to develop appropriate, evidence-based policies to ensure that trade helps to enhance opportunities for all. Research on gender equality and trade has been constrained by limited data and a lack of understanding of the connections among the economic roles that women play as workers, consumers, and decision makers. Building on new analyses and new sex-disaggregated data, Women and Trade: The Role of Trade in Promoting Gender Equality aims to advance the understanding of the relationship between trade and gender equality and to identify a series of opportunities through which trade can improve the lives of women.

Trade Policy and Gender Equality

Trade Policy and Gender Equality
Title Trade Policy and Gender Equality PDF eBook
Author Amrita Bahri
Publisher Cambridge University Press
Total Pages 431
Release 2023-09-30
Genre Law
ISBN 1009363700

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Offers a systematic, up-to-date evaluation of the debate relating to international trade law, policy and gender equality.

Trade and Gender

Trade and Gender
Title Trade and Gender PDF eBook
Author Anh-Nga Tran-Nguyen
Publisher United Nations Publications
Total Pages 512
Release 2004
Genre Business & Economics
ISBN

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Equal rights between men and women are enshrined as a fundamental human right in the UN Charter, and reflected in various internationally agreed instruments, such as the 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the 1995 Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. Although there has been notable progress in some areas, in most nations women are still at a disadvantage in terms of their role and position in the economic and political arenas. This publication examines the gender dimension of trade and seeks to identify policy challenges and responses to promote gender equality in light of increasing globalisation. Issues discussed include: economics of gender equality, international trade and development; multilateral negotiations on agriculture in developing countries; gender-related issues in the textiles and clothing sectors; international trade in services; gender and the TRIPS Agreement; the impact of WTO rules on gender equality; human rights aspects; fair trade initiatives; the role of IT in promoting gender equality, the Gender Trade Impact Assessment and trade reform.

Mainstreaming Gender in Free Trade Agreements

Mainstreaming Gender in Free Trade Agreements
Title Mainstreaming Gender in Free Trade Agreements PDF eBook
Author International Trade Centre
Publisher United Nations
Total Pages 52
Release 2020-10-31
Genre Law
ISBN 9210054598

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This report presents recommendations to boost the participation of women in trade through free trade agreements. Policymakers and trade negotiators will find a new toolkit to gauge gender responsiveness in their agreements. These lessons are based on a research assessment of 73 selected free trade agreements in force among 25 Commonwealth countries, and top-line recommendations and model clauses for countries to adapt. The recommendations include embedding gender provisions in the preamble, leveraging corporate social responsibility, using reservations, waivers and general exceptions, and strengthening monitoring and dispute settlement mechanisms.

Gendered Tradeoffs

Gendered Tradeoffs
Title Gendered Tradeoffs PDF eBook
Author Becky Pettit
Publisher Russell Sage Foundation
Total Pages 252
Release 2009-12-04
Genre Business & Economics
ISBN 161044678X

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Gender inequality in the workplace persists, even in nations with some of the most progressive laws and generous family support policies. Yet the dimensions on which inequality is measured—levels of women's employment, number of hours worked, sex segregation by occupations and wages—tell very different stories across industrialized nations. By examining federally guaranteed parental leave, publicly provided child care, and part-time work, and looking across multiple dimensions of inequality, Becky Pettit and Jennifer Hook document the links between specific policies and aggregate outcomes. They disentangle the complex factors, from institutional policies to personal choices, that influence economic inequality. Gendered Tradeoffsdraws on data from twenty-one industrialized nations to compare women's and men's economic outcomes across nations, and over time, in search of a deeper understanding of the underpinnings of gender inequality in different labor markets. Pettit and Hook develop the idea that there are tradeoffs between different aspects of gender inequality in the economy and explain how those tradeoffs are shaped by individuals, markets, and states. They argue that each policy or condition should be considered along two axes—whether it promotes women's inclusion in or exclusion from the labor market and whether it promotes gender equality or inequality among women in the labor market. Some policies advance one objective while undercutting the other. The volume begins by reflecting on gender inequality in labor markets measured by different indicators. It goes on to develop the idea that there may be tradeoffs inherent among different aspects of inequality and in different policy solutions. These ideas are explored in four empirical chapters on employment, work hours, occupational sex segregation, and the gender wage gap. The penultimate chapter examines whether a similar framework is relevant for understanding inequality among women in the United States and Germany. The book concludes with a thorough discussion of the policies and conditions that underpin gender inequality in the workplace. The central thesis of Gendered Tradeoffs is that gender inequality in the workplace is generated and reinforced by national policies and conditions. The contours of inequality across and within countries are shaped by specific aspects of social policy that either relieve or concentrate the demands of care giving within households—usually in the hands of women—and at the same time shape workplace expectations. Pettit and Hook make a strong case that equality for women in the workplace depends not on whether women are included in the labor market but on how they are included.

Leveraging Trade for Women's Economic Empowerment in the Pacific

Leveraging Trade for Women's Economic Empowerment in the Pacific
Title Leveraging Trade for Women's Economic Empowerment in the Pacific PDF eBook
Author Asian Development Bank
Publisher
Total Pages 0
Release 2019-05
Genre Businesswomen
ISBN 9789292616168

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This publication provides insights on how trade can be leveraged to enhance economic opportunities for women in the Pacific. It includes an analysis of how gender mainstreaming in Aid for Trade programs could catalyze greater donor support to help the region benefit from gender-equitable and truly inclusive growth. In the Pacific, the labor force participation gap between men and women has narrowed, but women there are still less likely to be in work than men. To tap into the full potential of the female labor force in the region, much more needs to be done to boost women's economic empowerment.

Tax Policy and Gender Equality A Stocktake of Country Approaches

Tax Policy and Gender Equality A Stocktake of Country Approaches
Title Tax Policy and Gender Equality A Stocktake of Country Approaches PDF eBook
Author OECD
Publisher OECD Publishing
Total Pages 52
Release 2022-02-18
Genre
ISBN 9264980083

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Although men and women are typically taxed under the same rules, their different social and economic characteristics (e.g. income levels or labour force participation) mean that the tax system can inadvertently contribute to gender inequalities in society. Understanding and improving the impact of taxes on gender equality is a key dimension that governments need to consider as part of tax design to support inclusive growth.