On countless occasions, Malekh Salters has witnessed the tragedy of how a life of crime can crush the participant either through incarceration, physical scarring, assassination attempts, constant running or hiding, and losing their identity. Nearly all of the time, living a life of crime has a negative outcome. In a step-by-step tutorial, Malekh Salters relies on real-life experiences, research, and proven methods to offer insight into how the correct tools and strategies can help criminals not only function but also thrive in a life of crime, ultimately minimizing the negative effects that accompany a criminal lifestyle, protecting the integrity of the business, and preserving the criminal participant. Additionally, Salters includes valuable information on how to avoid entering the life, or if already involved, how to recognize when it is time to quit and then properly exit a world of crime. The Unconstitutional and Unwritten Laws of Crime shares insight and time-tested advice that guides criminals to find the right way to do the wrong thing and deters wannabe criminals from participating in the lifestyle.

The law of nations and the Constitution -- The law merchant and the Constitution -- The law of state-state relations and the Constitution -- The law of state-state relations in federal courts -- The law maritime and the Constitution -- Modern customary international law -- The inadequacy of existing theories of customary -- Judicial enforcement of customary international law against foreign nations -- Judicial enforcement of customary international law against the United States -- Judicial enforcement of customary international law against U.S. states

The Unwritten Brazilian Constitution offers an unexplored topic outside Portuguese language: the leading cases on human rights in the Brazilian Supreme Court (Supremo Tribunal Federal – STF). The Brazilian Constitution of 1988 represents an institutional framework able to restructure the relationship between the powers after the military dictatorship. The constituents drafted the Brazilian Constitution in order to set an extensive system of judicial protection for fundamental rights, by means of several instruments that have strengthened access to the Judiciary. Because the Brazilian Constitution has an extensive list of fundamental rights, the STF was called to interpret them several times and it developed an unwritten understanding of these fundamental rights. These decisions are not available to the international community since they are not translated to English. Based on this gap, this original book illustrates the main rulings on human rights analyzed by great scholars in Brazil. The text presents a deep discussion regarding the characteristics of the cases and demonstrates how the STF has built the legal arguments to interpret the extension of the fundamental rights.

Proactive policing, as a strategic approach used by police agencies to prevent crime, is a relatively new phenomenon in the United States. It developed from a crisis in confidence in policing that began to emerge in the 1960s because of social unrest, rising crime rates, and growing skepticism regarding the effectiveness of standard approaches to policing. In response, beginning in the 1980s and 1990s, innovative police practices and policies that took a more proactive approach began to develop. This report uses the term "proactive policing" to refer to all policing strategies that have as one of their goals the prevention or reduction of crime and disorder and that are not reactive in terms of focusing primarily on uncovering ongoing crime or on investigating or responding to crimes once they have occurred. Proactive policing is distinguished from the everyday decisions of police officers to be proactive in specific situations and instead refers to a strategic decision by police agencies to use proactive police responses in a programmatic way to reduce crime. Today, proactive policing strategies are used widely in the United States. They are not isolated programs used by a select group of agencies but rather a set of ideas that have spread across the landscape of policing. Proactive Policing reviews the evidence and discusses the data and methodological gaps on: (1) the effects of different forms of proactive policing on crime; (2) whether they are applied in a discriminatory manner; (3) whether they are being used in a legal fashion; and (4) community reaction. This report offers a comprehensive evaluation of proactive policing that includes not only its crime prevention impacts but also its broader implications for justice and U.S. communities.

Written in a simple, straightforward manner, this book will help today's criminal justice student better understand con law issues as well as the complicated development of constitutional rights and law. In its simple, easy to understand format, this book is a must for both current criminal justice professionals and students studying to enter the p

Under the banner of the Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Amendments, the Supreme Court of America has constitutionalized vast areas of criminal procedure law in ways that often reward the guilty whilst hurting the innocent. This book reconceptualizes the basic foundations of the criminal procedure field.

Illuminating US constitutional concepts in plain language and clarifying nuances in the law, this third edition of Constitutional Law and Criminal Justice simplifies understanding of the United States judicial system for those without advanced legal training. It updates recent decisions by the Supreme Court of the United States and includes a discussion on the current makeup and policy of the Supreme Court. Learning objectives and summary outlines of recent Supreme Court decisions, combined with practical examples and selected actual court documents, enhance students’ understanding of the most important issues regarding the US Constitution and its application in the criminal justice system. The book begins with an overview of the Bill of Rights, followed by an examination of the components of the judiciary. It moves on to a discussion of due process; the First, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments; and the exclusionary rule. A unique chapter addressing civil liability and the criminal justice professional is especially relevant to students in criminal justice programs. Concise and informative, this book is designed to be used in undergraduate courses in criminal justice and justice administration programs in universities and community colleges.