This investigation contributes to issues in the study of second language transmission by considering the well-documented historical case of Anglo-Norman. Within a few generations of the establishment of this variety, its phonology diverged sharply from that of continental French, yet core syntactic distinctions continued to be reliably transmitted. The dissociation of phonology from syntax transmission is related to the age of exposure to the language in the experience of ordinary users of the language. The input provided to children acquiring language in a naturalistic communicative setting, even though one of a school institution, enabled them to acquire target-like syntactic properties of the inherited variety. In addition, it allowed change to take place along the lines of transmission by incrementation. A linguistic environment combining the ‘here-and-now’ aspects of ordinary first language acquisition with the growing cognitive complexity of an educational meta-language appears to have been adequate for this variety to be transmitted as a viable entity that encoded the public life of England for centuries.

Collection examining the Anglo-Norman language in a variety of texts and contexts, in military, legal, literary and other forms.

Papers exploring the impact of change on aspects of the twelfth-century Anglo-Norman world. The twelfth-century renaissance, though usually seen as a French phenomenon, produced fundamental changes in the culture and politics of the wider Anglo-Norman world. The essays in this volume, by leadingscholars in this field meeting at La Bretesche, Brittany, in 1995, explore the impact of this change. Covering a variety of topics, including the transmission of Norman saints' cults, vernacular history and aristocratic values, and shifting modes of deathand dying, they have in common the elements of change and transformation occurring throughout society during the course of the Anglo-Norman era. The late Professor C. WARREN HOLLISTER taught at the University of California at Santa Barbara. Contributors: C. WARREN HOLLISTER, CASSANDRA POTTS, JOHN GILLINGHAM, JUDITH GREEN, ROBIN FLEMING, DAVID CROUCH

Too often, scholarship on Anglo-American political relations has focused on mutual social and economic interests between Britain and the United States as the basis for cooperation. Breaking new ground, Anglo-American Relations and the Transmission of Ideas instead explores how ideas, on either side of the Atlantic have mutually influenced each other. In those transnational interactions, there forms a shared tradition of political ideas, facilitating “a common cast of mind” that has served as the basis for transatlantic relations and socio-political values for decades.

This is an introduction to the history of England and Normandy in the 11th and 12th centuries. Within the broad field of cultural history, there are discussions of language, literature, the writing of history and ecclesiastical architecture.

Imagining Medieval English is concerned with how we think about language, and simply through the process of thinking about it, give substance to an array of phenomena, including grammar, usage, variation, change, regional dialects, sociolects, registers, periodization, and even language itself. Leading scholars in the field explore conventional conceptualizations of medieval English, and consider possible alternatives and their implications for cultural as well as linguistic history. They explore not only the language's structural traits, but also the sociolinguistic and theoretical expectations that frame them and make them real. Spanning the period from 500 to 1500, and drawing on a wide range of examples, the chapters discuss topics such as medieval multilingualism, colloquial medieval English, standard and regional varieties, and the post-medieval reception of Old and Middle English. Together, they argue that what medieval English is, depends, in part, on who's looking at it, how, when and why.