As a result, Carroll concludes, Penitente membership facilitated the rise of the modernin New Mexico and--however unintentionally--made it that much easier, after the territory's annexation by the United States, for the Anglo legal system to dispossess Hispanos of their land.

Michael Wallis's straightforward text and Craig Varjabedian's unadorned photos capture the deep piety of the Penitente Brotherhood and their complex relationship with their history and the modern world.

This study by an author with intergenerational ties to the Penitentes--the deeply religious group called Hermanos de la Luz (Brothers of the Light)--ties the santero folk art of New Mexico, the Penitente Brotherhood, and the Penitente religious hymns together. (Christian)

History and description of Brotherhood organization, rites and religious folk arts in Hispanic N.M. and southern Colorado. Dr. Weigle, who teaches at the University of New Mexico, is a noted authority on the Penitente Brotherhood. Etchings by Eli Levin.

A short history of a secret and sacred Spanish-American Catholic brotherhood who have pledge themselves to Christian devotions.

Explores the early history of the Penitentes, theories of origins, relationship to historical and ecclesiastical developments in New Mexico. Provides a detailed study of Penitente organizations and activities - councils, moradas, membership, rules, officers, and religious rituals. Places the Brotherhood's rituals of penance into perspective within a religious and anthropological framework.

El Hermano is a rare and authentic window into everyday Hispanic village life the way it once was, and to some extent, persists.