This book examines why some attempts to strong-arm an adversary work while others do not.

George examines seven cases--from Pearl Harbor to the Persian Gulf--in which the United States has used coercive diplomacy in the past half-century.

This volume explores sanctions as instruments of coercive diplomacy, delving into a number of theoretical arguments and combining different perspectives from international law and international relations scholars and practitioners.

"As Robert Art makes clear in a groundbreaking conclusion, those results have been mixed at best. Art dissects the uneven performance of coercive diplomacy and explains why it has sometimes worked and why it has more often failed."--BOOK JACKET.